ISO/TS 22218-1:2023 ヘルスインフォマティクス — 眼科検査機器データ — Part 1: 一般的な検査機器 | ページ 6

3.1

refractometer

device that measures the refractive state of the eye

Note 1 to entry: Measuring the refractive state of the eye is necessary to determine the refractive power of a correction lens to restore normal vision.

Note 2 to entry: Measuring devices can provide both analog or digital readouts.

3.2

intraocular pressure

IOP

measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye

Note 1 to entry: This measurement is typically expressed in kPa; however, some devices also provide it in mmHg. 1 mmHg = 0,133 3 kPa

3.3

measured intraocular pressure

measured IOP

intraocular pressure that obtained without any compensation

Note 1 to entry: See corrected intraocular pressure (3.4) .

3.4

corrected intraocular pressure

corrected IOP

intraocular pressure that results from compensation of the corneal thickness based on the measured intraocular pressure

3.5

refractive power

ability of a lens or optical surface to change the curvature of incident wavefront or its direction by refraction

3.6

interpupillary distance

PD

distance between the centres of the pupils when the eyes are fixating an object at an infinite distance in the straight-ahead position

3.7

corneal curvature

radius of curvature of the anterior cornea

Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in mm.

3.8

visual acuity

number characterizing the ability of the visual system to recognize optotypes

[SOURCE:ISO 8596:2017, 3.3]

3.9

sphere

spherical power

sph

S

value of the back vertex power of a spherical-power lens or the vertex power in one of the two principal meridians of an astigmatic-power lens, depending on the principal meridian chosen for reference

[SOURCE:ISO 13666:2019, 3.12.2]

3.10

cylindrical power

cylinder

cyl

plus or minus the astigmatic difference, depending on the principal meridian chosen for reference

Note 1 to entry: The commonly used symbol for cylindrical power is C.

[SOURCE:ISO 13666:2019, 3.13.7, modified — Note 1 to entry modified.]

3.11

Maddox

type of ophthalmic examation that uses a Maddox rod

Note 1 to entry: A point source through a small Maddox rod (filter with thin cylindrical red glasses lined up) forms a vertical red line when round glasses horizontally stand in a line, and forms a horizontal red line when round glasses stand vertically in a line. For this property, a Maddox tangent scale (scale with a cruciform scale and a point source at the center) is used to measure a heterophoria angle. By using a small Maddox rod horizontally (vertically) and viewing a tangent scale, a vertical (horizontal) red line can be seen with each eye. By seeing a point source at the center, a red line can be seen at the off-center position with the fellow eye. Measurement is performed by reading the horizontal (vertical) scale of the position.

3.12

accommodation

type of repeated measurement that is performed using the time required for focusing on a visual target

Note 1 to entry: This measurement reveals the nature of accommodation disorder by classifying the appearance of accommodation time into several types as contraction time, that is the time required for focusing on a near visual target, or relaxation time for the time required for focusing on a far visual target.

3.13

AC/A ratio

ratio of the accommodative convergence amount for +1,0D and the accommodation stimulation

Note 1 to entry: This is determined using a fusion test.

3.14

vergence

simultaneous movement of both eyes in different directions

Note 1 to entry: This occurs when the line of sight is moved to objects at different distances (depths) from a viewer. The movement of both eyes directed inward when one looks into the close distance is called “convergence”, and the movement of both eyes directed outward when one looks into the far distance is called “divergence”.

Note 2 to entry: Vergence is one of disconjugate eye movement of right and left eyeballs in the opposite directions, which is different from conjugate eye movement in which both eyes move in the same direction such as saccade and pursuit eye movement. In addition, the word “vergence” is commonly used for eye movement in a horizontal direction; however, besides this, vertical vergence and cyclovergence are included. The convergence divergence movement changes this convergence angle. The simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions occurs when the line of sight is moved to objects at different depths; the convergence movement occurs when one looks into the close distance from the far distance; and on the contrary, the divergence movement occurs when one looks into the far distance from the close distance.

3.15

stereopsis

ability to use sensory information from both eyes to recognize three dimensional shaps sterioscopically

Note 1 to entry: This occurs when a planar image projected on the retina is subjected to integrative action in the visual areas of the cerebral cortex, and is recognized as a three-dimensional shape in three dimensional space.

3.16

depth perception

ability to recognize the difference in distance to multiple targets

3.17

phoria

state where the ocular position during the binocular vision test is normal; however, ocular displacement, infravergance or supravergence, appears as fusion disturbance

3.18

aniseikonia

condition in which one eye perceives an image to be larger compared to the other eye and can occur in a horizontal or vertical direction

3.19

ophthalmic information system

OIS

computer system that acquires, stores, retrieves and manages ophthalmic images and examination data

Note 1 to entry: The OIS gather and manage examination information from various ophthalmic devices and submit persistent examination reports in CDA RMIM format to HIS.

3.20

deviceCDA

subset of the CDA RMIM dataset that only includes the information contained in a device

Note 1 to entry: Most ophthalmic examination devices do not support all the mandatory information required by a complete CDA document, such as patient or operator identification. Additional information can be associated after the report is sent to an OIS or HIS. For additional details, see Clause 4.

3.21

hospital information system

HIS

comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage all the aspects of a hospital's operation

Note 1 to entry: In many implementations, a HIS covers hospital's operation such as medical, administrative, financial, and legal issues and the corresponding processing of services.

[SOURCE:IS4H-MM^[11]]

3.22

optotype

variable-sized type used in testing visual acuity