ISO/TS 29761:2015 火災安全工学 — 設計居住者の行動シナリオの選択 | ページ 6

3.1

ASET

available safe escape time

for an individual occupant, the calculated time interval between the time of ignition and the time at which conditions become such that the occupant is estimated to be incapacitated, i.e. unable to take effective action to escape to a safe refuge or place of safety

Note 1 to entry: The time of ignition may be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model or a fire test, or it may be assumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. The basis on which the time of ignition is determined needs to be stated.

Note 2 to entry: This definition equates incapacitation with failure to escape. Other criteria for ASET are possible. If an alternate criterion is selected, it needs to be stated.

Note 3 to entry: Each occupant can have a different value of ASET, depending on that occupant’s personal characteristics.

[SOURCE:ISO 13943:2008, 4.20, modified]

3.2

built environment

building or other structure

Note 1 to entry: ISO 6707-1 contains a number of terms and definitions for concepts related to the built environment.

[SOURCE:ISO 13943:2008, 4.26]

3.3

design fire

quantitative description of assumed fire characteristics within the design fire scenario (3.4)

Note 1 to entry: It is, typically, an idealized description of the variation with time of important fire variables, such as heat release rate, flame spread rate, smoke production rate, toxic gas yields, and temperature.

[SOURCE:ISO 13943:2008, 4.64]

3.4

design fire scenario

specific fire scenario (3.7) on which a deterministic fire safety engineering analysis is conducted

Note 1 to entry: As the number of possible fire scenarios can be very large, it is necessary to select the most important scenarios (the design fire scenarios) for analysis. The selection of design fire scenarios is tailored to the fire-safety design objectives and accounts for the likelihood and consequences of potential scenarios.

[SOURCE:ISO 13943:2008, 4.65]

3.5

design occupant behaviour

quantitative description of occupant behavioural characteristics within the design occupant behavioural scenario (3.6)

Note 1 to entry: It is, typically, an idealized description of the time needed for evacuation or refuge, comprising components for recognition, response, and travel. The actual variables include delay time, travel distance, and travel speed.

3.6

design occupant behavioural scenario

specific occupant behavioural scenario on which a deterministic fire safety engineering analysis will be conducted

3.7

fire scenario

qualitative description of the course of a fire with respect to time, identifying key events that characterise the studied fire and differentiate it from other possible fires

Note 1 to entry: It typically defines the ignition and fire growth processes, the fully developed fire stage, the fire decay stage, and the environment and systems that impact on the course of the fire.

[SOURCE:ISO 13943:2008, 4.129]

3.8

occupant behavioural scenario

qualitative description of occupant behaviour and response over time, including the number of occupants and the physical and cognitive characteristics that affect their decision-making and actions in response to fire cues, identifying key characteristics that differentiate members from other occupants

Note 1 to entry: It typically describes the number and other characteristics and capabilities of group members that would impact the decision-making and behavioural processes (i.e. elderly occupants might be less likely to hear an alarm and may move more slowly than younger occupants; staff may recognize and react to an alarm more quickly and engage in rescue activities before evacuating themselves).

3.9

pre-travel activity time

PTAT

for an individual occupant, the interval between the time at which a warning of a fire is given and the time at which the first move is made by that occupant towards an exit

Note 1 to entry: This consists of two components: recognition time (3.10) and response time (3.11) .

Note 2 to entry: For groups of occupants, the following two phases can be recognized:—pre-travel activity time of the first occupants to move;—pre-travel activity time distribution between the first and last occupants to move.

[SOURCE:ISO/TR 16738:2009, 3.9]

3.10

recognition time

interval between the time at which a warning of a fire is given and the first response to the warning

[SOURCE:ISO/TR 16738:2009, 3.10]

Note 1 to entry: This concept is thoroughly discussed in ISO/TR 16738:2009, Annex B.

3.11

response time

interval between the time at which the first response to the event occurs and the time at which travel begins to a safe location (3.13)

[SOURCE:ISO/TR 16738:2009, 3.11]

Note 1 to entry: This concept is thoroughly discussed ISO/TR 16738:2009, Annex B.

3.12

RSET

required safe escape time

calculated time period required for an individual occupant to travel from their location at the time of ignition to a safe refuge or place of safety

[SOURCE:ISO 13943:2008, 4.277]

3.13

safe location

location remote or separated from the effects of a fire so that such effects no longer pose a threat

Note 1 to entry: The safe location may be inside or outside the building depending upon the evacuation strategy.

[SOURCE:ISO/TR 16738:2009, 3.12]

3.14

travel time

time needed, once movement towards an exit has begun, for an occupant of a specified part of a building to reach a safe location (3.13)

[SOURCE:ISO/TR 16738:2009, 3.14]