ISO 10241-2:2012 標準の用語エントリ—パート2：標準化された用語エントリの採用 | ページ 5

2.1

standard

document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines and characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context

Note 1 to entry: Standards should be based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, 3.2 ]

2.2

standardizing body

standardizing organization

standards developing organization

SDO

body or organization that carries out recognized activities in the area of standardization such as the development, adoption and publication of standards(2.1) and whose membership may be composed of national, regional or other standardizing bodies, or of organizations such as companies, governmental, academic or other institutions and individuals.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, 4.3, modified — By extending the definition to any kind of standards developing organization, the definition now covers all standardizing bodies and organizations.]

2.3.1

terminology standardization

development of terminological entries(2.3.3) in terminology standards(2.3.2) and of terminology sections in other standards, and their approval by a standardizing body(2.2)

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO 15188:2001, 3.5, modified- “establishment of terminology standards” has been replaced by “development of terminological entries in terminology standards”, “technical standards” has been replaced by “other standards” and “approval by an authoritative body” has been replaced by “approval by a standardizing body” for the sake of consistency in this part of ISO 10241.]

2.3.2

terminology standard

standard(2.1) that is concerned with terms(2.6.2) accompanied by their definitions(2.5) , and sometimes by explanatory notes, illustrations, examples, etc.

Note 1 to entry: As a rule, both terminology standards and terminology sections in other standards comprise more than a single standardized terminological entry, i.e. they comprise a terminological data collection.

Note 2 to entry: A terminology standard can be an international, regional or national terminology standard.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.1.1 — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been added to explain the broader use of the term terminology standard within the scope of this part of ISO 10241.]

2.3.3

terminological entry

part of a terminological data collection that contains the terminological data (ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.1.3) related to one concept(2.4.1.1)

Note 1 to entry: A terminological entry prepared in accordance with the principles and methods given in ISO 704 follows the same structural principles whether it is monolingual or multilingual.

2.3.4

standardized terminological entry

terminological entry(2.3.3) that has been standardized by a standardizing body(2.2)

Note 1 to entry: A concept is considered standardized if the entire terminological entry or the definition (or non-verbal representation in those domains or subjects in which non-verbal representations are conventionally used) and the designations assigned to it have been standardized.

Note 2 to entry: A terminological entry can be standardized at the international, regional or national level.

Note 3 to entry: ISO 10241-1:2011, Annex A, provides examples of monolingual and multilingual standardized terminological entries.

2.3.5

terminological data model

conceptual structure for organizing terminological data, typically for implementation in database management systems, on which a terminological entry (2.3.3) is based, including the terminological data categories (ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.1.4) with their properties and inter-relationships

Note 1 to entry: In terminology standardization, the terminological data model is based on the terminological data categories referred to in ISO 10241-1:2011, together with their properties and inter-relationships. It is not equivalent to the structure of a standard (ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2005, 3.10) or other document, defined in ISO/IEC Guide 21-1 as the “order of the clauses, subclauses, paragraphs, tables, figures, annexes”.

Note 2 to entry: If demanded by the culture or language of the adopting standardizing body, it is possible both to add or delete language- or culture-related terminological data categories and to adapt the presentation of the terminological data (to different renderings depending on user needs, the purpose of the terminological data collection, etc.) without changing the technical content of the adopted terminological entry or its underlying terminological data model.

2.4.1.1

concept

unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.4)

Note 1 to entry: Concepts are not necessarily bound to particular languages. They are, however, influenced by the social or cultural background, which often leads to different categorizations.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.1]

2.4.1.2

concept harmonization

activity leading to the establishment of a correspondence between two or more closely related or overlapping concepts(2.4.1.1) having professional, technical, scientific, social, economic, linguistic, cultural or other differences, in order to eliminate or reduce minor differences between them

Note 1 to entry: The purpose of concept harmonization is to improve communication.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO 860:2007, 3.1]

2.4.2.1

concept system

DEPRECATED: system of concepts

set of concepts(2.4.1.1) structured according to the relations among them

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.11]

2.4.2.2

concept system harmonization

activity leading to the establishment of a correspondence between two or more closely related or overlapping concept systems(2.4.2.1) having professional, technical, scientific, social, economic, linguistic, cultural or other differences, in order to eliminate or reduce minor differences between them

Note 1 to entry: The purpose of concept system harmonization is to improve communication.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO 860:2007, 3.2]

2.5

definition

representation of a concept(2.4.1.1) by a descriptive statement which serves to differentiate it from related concepts

Note 1 to entry: Usually, a non-verbal representation can only complement a definition, and not replace it. However, in certain domains or subjects (e.g. within a system of interdependent formulae), non-verbal representations are conventionally used instead of a descriptive statement.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.4.2.1 ]

2.6.1

designation

designator

representation of a concept(2.4.1.1) by a signifier which denotes it

Note 1 to entry: In terminology work, three types of designations are distinguished: symbols, appellations and terms.

Note 2 to entry: In everyday language, the word representation can have several meanings. Here, it means expressing or denoting by means of words, a figure or a symbol. In accordance with ISO 10241-1, 3.4.1.1.3, symbols can be letter symbols, graphical symbols or other kinds of symbol.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.1, modified — By adding Note 2 to entry so that it is consistent with ISO 10241-1.]

2.6.2

term

verbal designation(2.6.1) of a general concept (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.3) in a specific domain (ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.3.1) or subject (ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.3.2)

Note 1 to entry: Terms can include letters and letter symbols, numerals, mathematical symbols, typographical signs and syntactic signs (e.g. punctuation marks, hyphens, parentheses, square brackets and other connectors or delimiters) sometimes in character styles (i.e. fonts and bold, italic, bold italic, or other style conventions) governed by domain-, subject- or language-specific conventions.

Note 2 to entry: A term may have variants, e.g. different forms of spelling.

Note 3 to entry: Terms may be quite complex, containing two or more roots or two or more words.

Note 4 to entry: Several terms in a given language representing the same concept are synonymous terms (synonyms). Terms in different languages representing the same concept are equivalent terms (equivalents).

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.4.1.1.2]

2.6.3

borrowed term

term(2.6.2) taken from another language or from another domain (ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.3.1) or subject (ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.3.2)

2.7.1

adoption

publication of a regional or national normative document based on a relevant International Standard, or endorsement of the International Standard as having the same status as a national normative document, with any deviations from the International Standard identified

Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, definition 10.1.

Note 2 to entry: The term “taking over” is sometimes used to cover the same concept as “adoption”.

Note 3 to entry: For the conditions of adoption of an International Standard as a regional or national standard, see ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2004, 4.1.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2004, 3.6, modified — By adding <standards development>in front of the definition in order to make the context of ISO/IEC Guide 21-1 clear. For the same reason, “ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2004,” has been added to Note 3 to entry.]

2.7.2

adoption of a standardized terminological entry

taking over of a standardized terminological entry(2.3.4) by another standardizing body(2.2) , with any technical deviations(2.8.3) identified

Note 1 to entry: While the adoption of an International Standard concerns the entire document, the basic principles and rules of adopting standards largely apply also to the adoption of terminological entries. The latter concerns individual terminological entries, concepts and concept systems, and the constituent elements of terminological entries. Therefore, the kinds of information to be adopted are different from those of entire standards texts, and the adoption processes might differ accordingly.

Note 2 to entry: In practice, the adoption of a standardized terminological entry can involve “translating” a standardized terminological entry. In terminology standardization, “translating” refers to the expression of some or all of the textual data from a standardized terminological entry in the language of the adopting standardizing body, together with the adaptation of textual or non-textual data to the language or terminological data model of the adopting standardizing body.

2.7.3.1

translated text

translation

text expressing the equivalent of a source text in another language

2.7.3.1.1

faithful translation

translated text(2.7.3.1) without technical deviation(2.8.3)

Note 1 to entry: Textual information in a terminological entry; formally speaking, a text is any string of characters that can be interpreted as linguistically meaningful.

Note 2 to entry: The faithful translation of an internationally standardized terminological entry results in a terminological entry which is identical, in terms of technical content, in the language of the adopting standardizing body.

2.7.3.1.2

adapted translation

translated text(2.7.3.1) with adaptations

Note 1 to entry: The adaptations can relate to different conventions or to the specificities of the language of the adopting standardizing body.

Note 2 to entry: The adapted translation of a terminological entry results in a “modified” terminological entry in the language of the adopting standardizing body.

2.8.1

technical content

set of characteristics of a concept(2.4.1.1) in a standardized terminological entry(2.3.4) expressed through a definition(2.5) and other terminological data (ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.1.3)

2.8.2

editorial change

any change that does not alter the technical content(2.8.1)

Note 1 to entry: A list of editorial changes permitted in the case of an identical adoption is given in 3.2.2.

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2004, 3.7, modified — By adding “<terminology standardization>” in front of the definition, cross-referencing to entry 2.8.1 “technical content”, removing “permitted” after “change”, and adapting the cross-reference in Note 1 to entry so that it reflects the scope of this part of 10241.]

2.8.3

technical deviation

<terminology standardization> any difference between the technical content(2.8.1) of the internationally standardized terminological entry(2.3.4) and that of the adopted standardized terminological entry(2.3.4)

[SOURCE:SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2004, 3.8, modified — By adding “<terminology standardization]

2.8.4

change in wording

replacement of single words or phrases in the regionally or nationally standardized terminological entry(2.3.4) by synonyms to reflect domain-, subject- and language-specific conventions in the region or country of the adopting standardizing body

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2004, 3.9, modified — By adding “<terminology standardization>” in front of the definition and adapting the definition so that it reflects the scope of this part of 10241.]

2.8.5

vice versa principle

principle whereby anything that is contained in an internationally standardized terminological entry(2.3.4) in terms of technical content(2.8.1) is contained in the regionally or nationally standardized terminological entry and vice versa

Note 1 to entry: Adherence to the terminological data model (2.3.1) as provided in ISO 10241-1 facilitates the fulfilment of the vice versa principle.

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 21-1:2004, 3.11, modified — By adding “<terminology standardization>” in front of the definition as well as adapting the definition and adding Note 1 to entry so that it reflects the scope of this part of 10241.]

2.9

special language

language for special purposes

DEPRECATED: LSP

language used in a domain (ISO 10241-1:2010, 3.3.1) or subject (ISO 10241-1:2010, 3.3.2), and characterized by the use of specific linguistic means of expression

Note 1 to entry: The specific linguistic means of expression always include domain- and subject-specific terminology and phraseology, as well as other kinds of designation, and can also cover ways of presentation (e.g. character styles such as script fonts, typeface such as bold, italic, bold italic and other style conventions) governed by domain-, subject- and language-specific conventions.