ISO 10423:2009 石油および天然ガス産業—掘削および生産設備—坑口およびクリスマスツリー設備 | ページ 6

3.1.1

acceptance criteria

defined limits placed on characteristics of materials, products or services

3.1.2

accessible wetted surface

wetted surface for purposes of non-destructive examination that can be viewed by direct line of sight

Note 1 to entry: This excludes test ports, control line ports, lockdown screw holes and other penetrations of these types.

3.1.3

actuator

mechanism for the remote or automatic operation of a valve or choke

3.1.4

adapter

pressure-containing piece of equipment having end connections of different nominal sizes and/or pressure ratings, used to connect other pieces of equipment of different nominal sizes and/or pressure ratings

3.1.5

annular pack-off

mechanism that seals off annular pressure between the outside diameter of a suspended tubular member or hanger and the inside diameter of the head or spool through which the tubular member passes or hanger is suspended

3.1.6

as-shipped condition

condition of the product or equipment when it is ready for shipment

3.1.7

back-pressure valve

unidirectional or bidirectional check valve that is installed through the christmas tree, into the tubing hanger, and prevents well fluids from flowing out of the well

3.1.8

blind flange

flange with no centre bore, used to close off completely a flanged end or outlet connection

3.1.9

body

any portion of wellhead and christmas tree equipment between end connections, with or without internal parts, which contains well-bore pressure

3.1.10

bonnet

pressure-containing closure for a body, other than an end or outlet connection

3.1.11

bottom casing pack-off

mechanism that seals off annular pressure between the outside diameter of a suspended tubular member or hanger and the inside diameter of the spool or tubing-head adapter placed over the suspended tubular or hanger

3.1.12

bullplug

pressure-containing closure for a female-threaded end or outlet connection, which may have an internal counter-bore and/or test port

3.1.13

calibration

comparison and adjustment to a standard of known accuracy

3.1.14

carbon steel

alloy of carbon and iron containing a maximum of 2 % mass fraction carbon, 1,65 % mass fraction manganese, and residual quantities of other elements, except those intentionally added in specific quantities for deoxidation (usually silicon and/or aluminium)

3.1.15

casing

pipe run from the surface and intended to line the walls of a drilled hole

3.1.16

casing hanger mandrel

mechanism used to support a casing string in a casing head by means of a male or female thread attached to the casing

3.1.17

casing-head housing

equipment attached to the uppermost end of the surface casing, which serves to suspend and seal a casing string

3.1.18

casing-head spool

equipment attached to another casing head, which serves to suspend and seal a secondary casing string

3.1.19

casting, noun

object at or near finished shape obtained by solidification of a fluid substance in a mould

Note 1 to entry: HIP components are not considered to be a casting.

3.1.20

certificate of compliance

document containing the statement by the manufacturer, or repairer/remanufacturer certifying that the equipment, repair, rework or remanufacture meets the requirements of this International Standard

3.1.21

certificate of conformance

document certifying that the repaired/remanufactured equipment and all of its component parts meet the requirements of the original product definition

3.1.22

check valve

valve that permits fluid to flow freely in one direction and contains a mechanism to automatically prevent flow in the other direction

3.1.23

chemical analysis

determination of the chemical composition of material

3.1.24

choke

equipment used to restrict and control the flow of fluids

3.1.25

choke bean

flow bean

replaceable orifice part used in positive chokes to control flow rate

3.1.26

choke trim

pressure-controlling choke component, including choke beans, used to control or regulate the flow of fluids

3.1.27

christmas tree

assembly of equipment, including tubing-head adapters, valves, tees, crosses, top connectors and chokes attached to the uppermost connection of the tubing head, used to control well production

3.1.28

clamp hub

protruding rim with an external angled shoulder and a sealing mechanism used to join pressure-containing equipment

3.1.29

closure bolting

threaded fastener used to assemble well-bore pressure-containing parts or join end or outlet connections

3.1.30

conformance

compliance with specified requirements

3.1.31

corrosion-resistant alloy

CRA

nonferrous-based alloy in which any one or the sum of the specified amount of the elements titanium, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and molybdenum exceeds 50 % mass fraction

Note 1 to entry: This definition is different from that in ISO 15156 (NACE MR0175; see Clause 2).

3.1.32

corrosion-resistant ring groove

ring groove lined with a CRA or an austenitic stainless steel to resist metal-loss corrosion

3.1.33

cross

pressure-containing fitting with a minimum of four openings

3.1.34

cross-over connector

adapter with a restricted-area sealing means and with a top-connection pressure rating above that of the lower connection

3.1.35

cross-over flange

double- or single-studded adapter flange with a restricted-area sealing means and with a top-connection pressure rating above that of the lower connection

3.1.36

cross-over spool

flanged or other connected equipment with a restricted-area sealing means, at or near the face of its lower flange

Note 1 to entry: Cross-over spools are also provided with suitable means to suspend and seal around an inner string of casing or tubing. A cross-over spool has a top connection with a pressure rating above that of the lower connection.

3.1.37

date of manufacture

date of manufacturer's final acceptance of finished equipment

3.1.38

date of repair/remanufacture

date of repairer/remanufacturer's final acceptance of finished equipment

3.1.39

end connection

outlet connection

integral male or female thread; clamp hub end connector and flange, studded or through-bolted, or any other means used to join together equipment that contains or controls pressure

3.1.40

equipment

any item or assembled equipment to which this International Standard is applicable

3.1.41

equivalent round

ER

standard for comparing various shaped sections to round bars, in determining the response to hardening characteristics when heat-treating low-alloy and martensitic corrosion-resistant steel

3.1.42

exposed bolting

bolting that is exposed directly to the sour environment or that is buried, insulated, equipped with flange protectors, or otherwise denied direct atmospheric exposure

3.1.43

fabrication weld

weld joining two or more parts

3.1.44

fit

geometric relationship between parts

3.1.45

flange

protruding rim with holes to accept bolts and having a sealing mechanism used to join pressure-containing equipment, with dimensions specified in this International Standard

3.1.46

forge, verb

deform metal plastically into desired shapes with compressive force

Note 1 to entry: Forging is usually a hot process. The use of dies is optional.

3.1.47

forging, noun

shaped metal part formed by the forging method

3.1.48

form

essential shape of a product including all its component parts

3.1.49

full-bore valve

valve whose closure mechanism has a bore dimension the same as or larger than the valve body

3.1.50

function

operation of a product during service

3.1.51

gate valve

valve assembly with a gate operating within the body, 90° to the conduit, to effect a closure

3.1.52

hanger mandrel

portion of a casing or tubing hanger that is attached by a threaded connection to the tubular string and forms the upper end of that tubular string

3.1.53

heat

material originating from a final melt, or for remelted alloys, the raw material originating from a single remelted ingot

3.1.54

heat-treat lot

material placed on loading or carry devices and moved as a batch through one heat treat cycle

3.1.55

heat-treat lot

group of pieces of material with the same nominal size that is moved sequentially through the heat treatment process using the same process parameters

3.1.56

heat treatment

heat treating

specified, timed sequence of controlled heating and cooling of materials for the purpose of changing physical or mechanical properties

3.1.57

heat-affected zone

HAZ

portion of the base metal that has not been melted, but whose mechanical properties or microstructure has been altered by the heat of welding or cutting

3.1.58

heat-sensitive lock-open device

device installed on a surface safety valve (SSV) actuator to maintain the SSV valve in a full open position until exposed to sufficient heat to cause the device to release and allow the SSV valve to close

3.1.59

hold period

period of time that the product is subjected to pressure and isolated from the pressure source

3.1.60

hot isostatic pressing

HIP

special forming process used to compact and metallurgically bond metal powder

Note 1 to entry: This process takes place within a flexible, metal container whose contents are formed into the desired shape by subjecting the container to high temperature and pressure in an autoclave. It produces a fully wrought structure.

3.1.61

hot-work

deform metal plastically at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature

3.1.62

job-lot traceability

ability to trace parts as originating from a job lot that identifies the included heat(s)

3.1.63

linear indication

surface NDE indication whose length is equal to or greater than three times its width

3.1.64

lock screw

tie-down screw

threaded pin extending through the wall of a casing-head or tubing-head connection used to lock down hangers or energize seals

3.1.65

loose connector

connector, as-manufactured, that is not intended to be made integral with another piece of wellhead and christmas tree equipment

3.1.66

loose flange

flange, as-manufactured, that is not intended to be made integral with equipment compliant to this International Standard

3.1.67

low-alloy steel

steel containing less than 5 % mass fraction total alloying elements, or steels with less than 11 % mass fraction chromium, but more than that specified for carbon steel

3.1.68

make-and-break, verb

connect and disconnect a connection

3.1.69

manufacturing operation

activity involving, but not limited to, the machining, welding, heat treating or other processes utilized to produce a finished product

3.1.70

master valve

lowermost valve on the vertical bore of the christmas tree

Note 1 to entry: Upper master valves and lower master valves are in general use. Upper master valves are sometimes called surface safety valves.

3.1.71

material performance

capabilities that it is necessary to demonstrate, as a minimum, for material to satisfy the criteria of this International Standard

3.1.72

multistage cross-over spool

flanged or other connected equipment with more than one restricted-area sealing means to provide suitable capability to suspend and seal around multiple inner strings of casing or tubing at several stages

Note 1 to entry: A multistage cross-over spool may have a top connector with a pressure rating above that of the lower connector.

3.1.73

non-exposed bolting

bolting that is not directly exposed to sour environments and is not intended to be buried, insulated, equipped with flange protectors, or otherwise denied direct atmospheric exposure

3.1.74

non-pressure-containing weld

weld whose absence does not reduce the pressure-containing integrity of the part

3.1.75

objective evidence

documented field experience, test data, publications, finite element analysis or calculations that confirm performance characteristics, as applicable

3.1.76

original product definition

complete definition of the requirements for the original assembled equipment, single equipment unit, or component part, including specified limits and tolerances, health, safety and environmental requirements, limitations of use, customer specific requirements, design acceptance criteria, materials of construction, materials processing requirements and physical properties, physical dimensions, and requirements for manufacturing process controls, inspection, assembly and testing, marking, handling, storage, maintenance, and records requirements

3.1.77

part

individual piece used in the assembly of single equipment units

3.1.78

plug valve

valve assembly with a plug permanently mounted across the conduit so that, when rotated 90°, it effects a closure

3.1.79

post-weld heat treatment

any heat treatment subsequent to welding, including stress relief

3.1.80

pressure integrity

structural and leak-resistant capability of a product to contain applied pressure

3.1.81

pressure-boundary penetration

device that penetrates directly into or communicates with the well-bore and is not defined elsewhere in this International Standard

3.1.82

pressure-containing part

part whose failure to function as intended results in a release of retained fluid to the atmosphere

3.1.83

pressure-containing weld

weld whose absence reduces the pressure-containing integrity of the part

3.1.84

pressure-controlling part

part intended to control or regulate the movement of pressurized fluids

3.1.85

primary equipment

pieces of equipment that cannot normally be isolated from well fluid or well pressure

3.1.86

proration bean

extension of a piece of raw material or an extension of a production part made integrally during forging, hot working, cold working or casting

3.1.87

proration bean

type of positive choke bean of fixed length used to regulate the flow of fluid from a well

Note 1 to entry: Proration is a system of allocating the amount of oil or gas a well or field is allowed to produce within a given period by a regulatory agency.

3.1.88

qualified personnel

individual with characteristics or abilities gained through training, experience, or both, as measured against the established requirements of the manufacturer/purchaser/this International Standard

3.1.89

rated working pressure

maximum internal pressure that the equipment is designed to contain and/or control

3.1.90

record, noun

retrievable information

3.1.91

reduced-opening valve

valve with either a regular or Venturi-type opening, either circular or non-circular, through the closure mechanism

3.1.92

relevant indication

surface-rupture NDE indication with major dimensions greater than 1,6 mm (⅙ in)

Note 1 to entry: Inherent indications not associated with a surface rupture are considered non-relevant.

3.1.93

remanufacture

activity involving disassembly, reassembly and testing of wellhead and christmas tree equipment, with or without the replacement of parts other than bodies, where machining, welding, heat treating or other manufacturing operations are employed

Note 1 to entry: Remanufacture does not include the replacement of bodies.

3.1.94

repair

activity involving disassembly, reassembly and testing of wellhead and christmas tree equipment with or without the replacement of parts other than bodies

Note 1 to entry: Repair does not include machining, welding, heat treating, other manufacturing operations or the replacement of bodies.

3.1.95

repair level

level to which equipment will be repaired or remanufactured in compliance with this International Standard

3.1.96

repairer/remanufacturer

principal agent in the repair and remanufacture of wellhead and christmas tree equipment who chooses to be in compliance with this International Standard

3.1.97

replacement part

part used to repair/remanufacture a piece of equipment that meets the wellhead and christmas tree requirement for the applicable repair/remanufacture level

3.1.98

restricted-area sealing means

restricted-area pack-off

pack-off or other device used to isolate an area at higher pressure from one at lower pressure

Note 1 to entry: This device serves to limit pressure-induced loads on connectors or areas of a lower pressure rating. It may also be a seal that encloses a pressure-containment area smaller than the adjacent ring gasket or connector seal.

3.1.99

retained fluid

actual fluid produced by a well or injected into a well

3.1.100

room temperature

any temperature between 4 °C and 50 °C (40 °F and 120 °F)

3.1.101

rounded indication

surface NDE indication that is circular or elliptical, having a length less than 3 times its width

3.1.102

running tool

tool used to run, retrieve, position or connect wellhead equipment remotely from the drill floor

3.1.103

sandy service

intended for use in wells where particulates such as sand can be expected to cause equipment failure

3.1.104

secondary equipment

piece of equipment that can normally be isolated from the well fluid or well pressure

3.1.105

serialization

assignment of a unique code to individual parts and/or pieces of equipment to maintain records

3.1.106

slip-type casing hanger

mechanism used to support a casing string in a casing head by gripping the pipe with wedge-type members

3.1.107

spacer

pressure-containing piece of equipment used to connect and provide separation between other pieces of equipment

3.1.108

SSV actuator

underwater safety valve actuator

USV actuator

device which causes the SSV/USV valve to open when power is supplied and to close automatically when power is lost or released

3.1.109

SSV valve

USV valve

portion of the SSV/USV that contains the wellstream and shuts off flow when closed

3.1.110

stainless steel

steel containing more than 11 % mass fraction chromium to render the steel corrosion-resistant

Note 1 to entry: Other elements may be added to secure special properties.

3.1.111

stress relief

controlled heating of material to a predetermined temperature for the purpose of reducing any residual stresses after welding

3.1.112

stress-corrosion cracking

cracking that results from a combination of corrosion and stress

3.1.113

studded connection

flanged end or outlet connection in which thread-anchored studs screwed into tapped holes replace the holes for bolt studs

3.1.114

substantive change

change identified by the manufacturer that affects the performance of the product in the intended service

3.1.115

sulfide stress cracking

cracking of metallic materials due to exposure to fluid containing hydrogen sulfide

3.1.116

surface safety valve

SSV

automatic wellhead valve assembly that closes upon loss of power supply

Note 1 to entry: Where used in this International Standard, the term is understood to include an SSV valve and SSV actuator.

3.1.117

swab valve

crown valve

uppermost valve on the vertical bore of the christmas tree above the flowline outlet

3.1.118

tee

pressure-containing fitting with three openings

Note 1 to entry: Two openings opposite one another form the run portion of the tee, and one opening is at 90° to the line of the run. Tees may be equipped with threads, flanges, studs or other end connectors.

3.1.119

test agency

independent third party that provides a test facility and administers a testing programme that meets the class II SSV/USV valve-validation testing requirements of Annex I of this International Standard and API Spec 6AV1

3.1.120

test and gauge connection

hole drilled and tapped into wellhead and christmas tree equipment through which internal pressure can be measured or through which pressure can be applied to test the sealing mechanisms

3.1.121

test tool

tool used to run into the wellhead in order to perform a pressure test

3.1.122

thread protector

cap or insert used to protect threads and seals during handling, transportation and storage

3.1.123

threaded flange

flange having a sealing face on one side and a female thread on the other for the purpose of joining flanged connections to threaded connections

3.1.124

top connector

bottomhole test adapter

uppermost fitting of a christmas tree which allows full-bore access to the christmas tree

3.1.125

tubing

retrievable pipe placed within a well to conduct fluid from the well's producing formation into the christmas tree or to conduct kill or treatment fluids in a well

Note 1 to entry: Tubing is distinguished from casing as being retrievable during the life of the well.

3.1.126

tubing hanger mandrel

mechanism used to support a tubing string in a tubing head by means of a male or female thread attached to the tubing

3.1.127

tubing-head adapter

equipment that adapts the uppermost connection of a tubing head to the lowermost valve of the christmas tree

3.1.128

tubing-head spool

piece of equipment attached to the uppermost casing head or smallest casing string which serves to suspend the tubing and to seal the annular space between the tubing and casing

3.1.129

underwater safety valve

USV

automatic valve assembly installed at an underwater wellhead location which closes on loss of power supply

Note 1 to entry: Where used in this International Standard, the term is understood to include a USV valve and USV actuator.

3.1.130

valve-bore sealing mechanism

internal valve parts that close off the flow through the valve bore

3.1.131

valve-removal plug

threaded plug that can be installed in the wellhead to enable gate-valve removal under pressure

3.1.132

Venturi valve

valve with a reduced opening, in which the transformation from the full-opening ends to the reduced-closure area is well streamlined to reduce pressure loss

3.1.133

visual examination

examination of parts and equipment for visible defects in material and workmanship

3.1.134

volumetric non-destructive examination

volumetric NDE

examination for internal material defects by methods such as radiography and/or ultrasonic testing

3.1.135

wear bushing

retrievable cylindrical device that protects the internal surfaces of wellhead equipment and the top of the last casing suspended

3.1.136

weld preparation

geometry of surfaces for the purpose of welding

3.1.137

weld, verb

fuse materials, with or without the addition of filler materials

3.1.138

welding neck flange

flange with a neck on the side opposite the sealing face, prepared with a bevel to weld to corresponding pipe or transition pieces

3.1.139

wellhead

all permanent equipment between the uppermost portion of the surface casing and the tubing-head adapter connection

3.1.140

wetted surface

any surface that has contact with pressurized well fluid, either by design or because of internal seal leakage

3.1.141

wing valve

valve located on the christmas tree, but not in the vertical run, which can be used to shut off well flow

3.1.142

wrought product

product made from material having a wrought structure

3.1.143

wrought structure

structure that contains no cast dendritic elements

3.1.144

yield strength

stress level, measured at room temperature, at which material plastically deforms and does not return to its original dimensions when the load is released

Note 1 to entry: All yield strengths specified in this document are the 0,2 % offset yield strength in accordance with ISO 6892-1 or ASTM A370.