ISO 10882-1:2011 溶接および関連プロセスにおける健康と安全—オペレーターの呼吸ゾーンでの浮遊粒子とガスのサンプリング—パート1：浮遊粒子のサンプリング | ページ 6

3.1.1

化学薬品

意図的に生産されたかどうか、および市場に出されたかどうかにかかわらず、任意の作業活動によって、自然な状態で発生するか、または廃棄物としての放出を含む、生産、使用、または放出される化学元素または化合物。

[出典: 理事会指令 98/24/EC ^[19] 、第 2 条 a)]

3.1.2

呼吸ゾーン

息を吸う鼻と口の周りの空間

注記 1:技術的には、呼吸ゾーンは、耳を結ぶ線の中点を中心として、人間の顔の前に広がる半球 (一般に半径 30 cm であると認められている) に相当します。半球の底は、この線、頭頂部、喉頭を通る平面です。この技術説明は、呼吸用保護具を使用している場合には適用されません。

[出典: EN 1540: — ^[15] ]

3.1.3

曝露

人が吸入した空気中に化学的（または生物学的）物質が存在する状況

[出典: EN 1540: — ^[15] ]

3.1.4

職業暴露限界値

特定の参照期間に関連する、労働者の呼吸ゾーン内の空気中の化学物質の濃度の時間加重平均の限界。

[出典: 理事会指令 98/24/EC ^[19] 、Art. 2 d)]

注記 1:限界値は、主に 8 時間の参照期間に設定されますが、より短い期間または濃度の逸脱にも設定できます。ガスと蒸気の限界値は、温度と気圧の変数に関係なく、立方メートルあたりのミリリットル単位で表され、温度 20 °C, 圧力 101.3 kPa の場合、立方メートルあたりのミリグラム単位で表された変数に依存します。空気中の粒子、および粒子と蒸気の混合物の限界値は、職場での実際の環境条件 (温度、圧力) に対して立方メートルあたりのミリグラムまたはその単位の倍数で与えられます。繊維の限界値は、職場での実際の環境条件 (温度、圧力) について、1 立方メートルあたりの繊維数または 1 立方センチメートルあたりの繊維数で与えられます。

3.1.5

基準期間

化学物質または生物物質の職業暴露限界値が適用される特定の期間

注記 1基準時間は通常，長期測定では 8 時間，短期測定では 15 分である。

[出典: EN 1540: — ^[15] ]

3.1.6

時間加重平均濃度

TWA濃度

大気中の化学物質の濃度で、基準期間にわたって平均されたもの

[出典: ISO/TR 25901:2007 ^[12] ]

3.1.7

総浮遊粒子

一定量の空気中の空気に囲まれたすべての粒子

注記1すべての測定器はある程度サイズ選択性があるため、浮遊粒子の総濃度を測定することはしばしば不可能です。

[出典: ISO 7708:1995 ^[5] ]

3.1.8

仕事柄

検討中の期間中に労働者によって実行される一連の活動

3.1.9

職場

指定された地域または作業活動が行われる地域

[出典: EN 1540: — ^[15] ]

3.2.1

aerosol sampler

(airborne) particle sampler

(airborne) particulate sampler

sampler that is used to transport airborne particles to a collection substrate

Note 1 to entry: The term aerosol sampler is commonly used although it is not in line with the definition of aerosol given in EN 1540:— ^[15] , 2.2.4.

Note 2 to entry: The transport can be either active or passive.

[SOURCE: EN 1540:— ^[15] ]

3.2.2

(air) sample

product of the process of air sampling

Note 1 to entry: An air sample is frequently considered to include the collection substrate(s) as well as the collected chemical and/or biological agents; or sometimes it is considered to be the fractional part of a larger volume of air.

[SOURCE: EN 1540:— ^[15] ]

3.2.3

(air) sampling

process consisting of the separation of chemical and/or biological agents from air onto a collection substrate, or the withdrawal or isolation of a fractional part of a larger volume of air

[SOURCE: EN 1540:— ^[15] ]

3.2.4

collected sample

airborne particles collected on the sampling media (e.g. filter, foam or impaction plate) for subsequent analysis

Note 1 to entry: Sample deposits in other parts of the sampler such as inner walls are only included in the collected sample where the method description includes specific instructions for the recovery of such deposits.

[SOURCE: EN 15051:2006 ^[17] ]

3.2.5

collection substrate

collection medium

sampling substrate

sampling medium

medium on which airborne chemical and/or biological agents are collected for subsequent analysis

Note 1 to entry: Filters, polyurethane foams and sampling cassettes are examples of collection substrates for airborne particles.

[SOURCE: EN 1540:— ^[15] ]

3.2.6

inhalable fraction

mass fraction of total airborne particles which is inhaled through the nose and mouth

Note 1 to entry: The inhalable fraction depends on the speed and direction of the air movement, on the rate of breathing and other factors.

[SOURCE: ISO 7708:1995 ^[5] ]

3.2.7

inhalable sampler

aerosol sampler that is used to collect the inhalable fraction

[SOURCE: EN 1540:— ^[15] ]

3.2.8

key component of a welding fume

component of a welding fume that has the greatest occupational hygienic significance and therefore requires the most stringent control measures to ensure that a welder is not exposed to an excessive level of the substance concerned, i.e. it is the component whose limit value is exceeded at the lowest welding fume concentration

[SOURCE: ISO 15011-4:2006 ^[6] ]

3.2.9

personal sample

product of the process of personal sampling

[SOURCE: EN 1540:— ^[15] ]

3.2.10

personal sampler

personal sampling device

sampler, attached to a person, that collects gases, vapours or airborne particles in the breathing zone to determine exposure to chemical and/or biological agents

[SOURCE: EN 1540:— ^[15] ]

3.2.11

personal sampling

process of (air) sampling carried out using a personal sampler

[SOURCE: EN 1540:— ^[15] ]

3.2.12

respirable fraction

mass fraction of inhaled particles which penetrate to the unciliated airways

[SOURCE: ISO 7708:1995 ^[5] ]

3.2.13

respirable sampler

aerosol sampler that is used to collect the respirable fraction

[SOURCE: EN 1540:— ^[15] ]

3.2.14

sampler

(air) sampler

device for separating chemical and/or biological agents from the surrounding air

Note 1 to entry: (Air) samplers are generally designed for a particular purpose, e.g. for sampling gases and vapours or for sampling airborne particles.

3.2.15

screening measurements of time-weighted average concentration

measurements performed to obtain basic information on the exposure level in order to decide whether an exposure problem exists and if so, to further investigate it

Note 1 to entry: Screening measurements of time-weighted average concentration can also be used to determine if exposure is well below or well above the limit value.

Note 2 to entry: Adapted from EN 482:2006.

3.2.16

screening measurements of variation of concentration in time/and or space

measurements performed to provide information on the likely pattern of concentration of chemical agents

Note 1 to entry: Screening measurements of variation of concentration in time/and or space can be used to identify locations and periods of elevated exposure and to set the duration and frequency of sampling for measurements for comparison with limit values. Emission sources can be located and the effectiveness of ventilation or other technical measures can be estimated.

Note 2 to entry: Adapted from EN 482:2006.

3.2.17

worst case measurements

screening measurements of time-weighted average concentration made to identify work activity during which highest exposure occurs

Note 1 to entry: Adapted from EN 482:2006.

3.3.1

filler material

welding consumable added during welding to form the weld

[SOURCE: ISO/TR 25901:2007 ^[12] ]

3.3.2

harness

assembly that provides a means of maintaining a welder's face shield in position on the head

[SOURCE: EN 175:1997 ^[13] ]

3.3.3

headband

that part of the harness to which the welder's face shield is fixed and which surrounds the head, or that part of the welder's goggles or welder's spectacles which secures the goggles or spectacles onto the head

[SOURCE: EN 175:1997 ^[13] ]

3.3.4

operator

person who performs welding and allied processes

3.3.5

operator's breathing zone

restricted breathing zone, behind a face shield

Note 1 to entry: It is essential to sample as near as possible to the operator's nose and mouth when measuring exposure to welding fume because of the very steep concentration gradients that occur in the immediate vicinity of the plume. Sample behind a welder's face shield, when one is worn, since it is the air in this region that is inhaled.

3.3.6

welder's face shield

welder's shield worn on the head and in front of the face, usually secured in position by a harness to give protection to the eyes and face when fitted with the appropriate filter(s)

[SOURCE: EN 175:1997 ^[13] ]

3.3.7

welder's goggles

device, held in position usually by a headband, enclosing the orbital cavity, into which radiation arising from welding and allied processes can penetrate only through filter(s) and, where provided, filter cover(s)

[SOURCE: EN 175:1997 ^[13] ]

3.3.8

welder's hand shield

welder's shield held in the hand to give protection to the eyes and face when fitted with the appropriate filter(s)

[SOURCE: EN 175:1997 ^[13] ]

3.3.9

welder's shield

welding protector providing protection of the face, eyes and throat of the operator, being equipped with an appropriate ocular protection filter

[SOURCE: CEN/TR 14599:2005 ^[16] ]

3.3.10

welder's spectacles

frame, with lateral protection, holding suitable filters in front of the eyes, to give them protection

Note 1 to entry: It may usually be held in position with sidearms or a headband fitting.

[SOURCE: EN 175:1997 ^[13] ]

3.3.11

welding (and allied processes)

joining process in which two or more parts are united, producing a continuity in the nature of the workpiece material(s) by means of heat or pressure or both, and with or without the use of filler material

[SOURCE: ISO/TR 25901:2007 ^[12] ]

Note 1 to entry: Low-temperature processes such as soldering are excluded.

3.3.12

welding fume

airborne particles generated during welding

Note 1 to entry: Adapted from CEN/TR 14599:2005 ^[16] .

3.3.13

welding protector

device which provides protection to the wearer against harmful optical radiation and other specific hazards generated by welding and allied processes

Note 1 to entry: A welding protector may be a welder's shield, welder's goggles or welder's spectacles.

[SOURCE: EN 175:1997 ^[13] ]

3.3.14

welding-related operations

operations other than welding and allied processes carried out by the operator

3.4.1

bias

difference between the expectation of a test result or measurement result and a true value

Note 1 to entry: Bias is the total systematic error as contrasted to random error. There may be one or more systematic error components contributing to the bias. A larger systematic difference from the true value is reflected by a larger bias value.

Note 2 to entry: The bias of a measuring instrument is normally estimated by averaging the error of indication over an appropriate number of repeated measurements. The error of indication is the: “indication of a measuring instrument minus a true value of the corresponding input quantity”.

Note 3 to entry: In practice, the accepted reference value is substituted for the true value.

[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006 ^[3] ]

3.4.2

expanded uncertainty

quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 ^[1] ]

3.4.3

measurand

quantity intended to be measured

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 ^[2] ]

3.4.4

precision

closeness of agreement between independent test/measurement results obtained under stipulated conditions

Note 1 to entry: Precision depends only on the distribution of random errors and does not relate to the true value or the specified value.

Note 2 to entry: The measure of precision is usually expressed in terms of imprecision and computed as a standard deviation of the test results or measurement results. Less precision is reflected by a larger standard deviation.

Note 3 to entry: Quantitative measures of precision depend critically on the stipulated conditions. Repeatability conditions and reproducibility conditions are particular sets of extreme stipulated conditions.

[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006 ^[3] ]

3.4.5

true value

value which characterizes a quantity or quantitative characteristic perfectly defined in the conditions which exist when that quantity or quantitative characteristic is considered

Note 1 to entry: The true value of a quantity or quantitative characteristic is a theoretical concept and, in general, cannot be known exactly.

[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006 ^[3] ]

3.4.6

measurement uncertainty

uncertainty of measurement

uncertainty

non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the information used

Note 1 to entry: The parameter may be, for example, a standard deviation called standard measurement uncertainty (or a specified multiple of it), or the half-width of an interval, having a stated coverage probability.

Note 2 to entry: Measurement uncertainty comprises, in general, many components. Some of these may be evaluated by Type A evaluation of measurement uncertainty from the statistical distribution of the quantity values from series of measurements and can be characterized by standard deviations. The other components, which may be evaluated by Type B evaluation of measurement uncertainty, can also be characterized by standard deviations, evaluated from probability density functions based on experience or other information.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 ^[2] ]