ISO 13053-2:2011 プロセス改善における定量的方法—シックスシグマ—パート2：ツールとテクニック | ページ 5

2.1

benchmarking

method for comparing the performance of the leading organizations in a market segment

2.2

brainstorming

group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of ideas

2.3

cause and effect diagram

Ishikawa diagram

fishbone diagram

visual tool often used with brainstorming for the logical organization of potential causes of a problem

2.4

common cause

source of process variation that is inherent in a process over time

2.5

confidence interval

interval within which a parameter to be estimated can be expected to lie with a probability of ≥ 1 − α, e.g. generally 95 % or 99 %

2.6

continuous data

data that have been measured on a scale and that can be subdivided

2.7

critical-to-quality

CTQ

critical characteristics, the quality performance requirements which must be met to satisfy the customer

2.8

customer

organization or person that receives a product

Note 1 to entry: The customer can be internal or external to the organization.

[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, 3.3.5]

2.9

defect

non-fulfilment of a requirement related to an intended or specified use

[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, 3.6.3]

2.10

defect opportunity

any measurable event creating a possible defect

2.11

defective unit

unit with one or more defects

[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 1.2.16]

2.12

design of experiments

DOE

systematic methodology for collecting information to guide improvement of any process

Note 1 to entry: Statistical models are developed to represent the process under analysis.

Note 2 to entry: Simulation tools and optimization can be applied to test and confirm specific improvements.

2.13

discrete data

data that can be classified, but not subdivided

Note 1 to entry: Continuous data, by grouping or otherwise classifying, can be regarded as discrete.

Note 2 to entry: Data classified according to different attributes are discrete and are called “attribute data”.

Note 3 to entry: Discrete data come from nominal or ordinal scales.

2.14

environmental aspect

activity, product or service that could possibly interact with the environment

2.15

gate review

project review led by a sponsor each time a DMAIC stage is completed in order to validate the conclusions of that stage

2.16

input

resources or data, or both, required to execute a process

2.17

Kano model

quality management tool used to prioritize customer requirements

2.18

measurement system analysis

MSA

series of studies that explains how a measurement system performs

Note 1 to entry: Validating measurement systems makes it possible to ensure data consistency and data stability.

2.19

mistake proofing

poka yoke

2.20

objective

target value of a process, determined by the customer

2.21

operational definition

clear, concise description of a measurement and the process used to derive it

2.22

output

products or services generated through a process

2.23

Pareto analysis

methodology used to drill into discrete data to assess the frequency of defects by classification factors

2.24

process

set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms inputs into outputs

2.25

process map

graphical display of a process

2.26

project charter

document that states the problem to be solved, the improvement goals, the project scope, the project milestones and the project roles and responsibilities

2.27

quality function deployment

QFD

method to translate customer requirements into design characteristics and, ultimately, into process control requirements

Note 1 to entry: The “house of quality” is a tool used by this method.

2.28

sampling plan

plan that describes how samples are to be selected

2.29

scorecard

customer-specified evaluation device used to track performance in satisfying customer requirements

2.30

special causes

sources of process variation other than inherent process variation

Note 1 to entry: Special causes are due to known or exceptional factors, sometimes called assignable causes.

2.31

third party

person or body concerned or impacted by the performance issue in question

2.32

top Y

primary CTQ for both customer and organization

2.33

unit

item produced or handled

2.34

voice of the customer

VOC

information from the customer that expresses his expectations

Note 1 to entry: This can require the customer concerned to state targets he needs and will assist the producer to know the customer's position and to understand his or her expectations.