ISO 13702:2024 石油およびガス産業 | ページ 6

3.1

accommodation

place where personnel onboard sleep and spend their off-duty time

Note 1 to entry: It can include dining rooms, recreation rooms, lavatories, cabins, offices, sickbay, living quarters, galley, pantries, and similar permanently enclosed spaces.

3.2

active fire protection

AFP

equipment, systems, and methods which, following initiation, can be used to control, mitigate, and extinguish fires

3.3

ALARP

as low as reasonably practicable

implementation of risk-reducing measures until the cost (including time, capital costs or other resources and assets) of further risk (3.35) reduction is grossly disproportional to the potential risk reducing effect achieved by implementing any additional measure

Note 1 to entry: See UK HSE^[41].

3.4

area classification

division of an installation into hazardous areas (3.24) and non-hazardous areas and the sub-division of hazardous areas (3.24) into zones under normal operation

Note 1 to entry: This classification is based on the materials that can be present and the probability of a flammable atmosphere developing. Area classification is primarily used in the selection of electrical equipment to minimize the likelihood of ignition if a release occurs.

3.5

cellulosic fire

CF

fire involving primarily cellulosic material such as wood, timber, or paper

3.6

control

limitation of the extent or duration of a hazardous event (3.25)

3.7

control station

place from which personnel can monitor the status of the installation, initiate appropriate shutdown actions, and undertake any emergency communication

Note 1 to entry: Control station is typically known as CCR or central point.

3.8

critical safety system

system that has a major role in the prevention and mitigation of releases, fires and explosions (3.21) and in any subsequent escape, evacuation, and rescue (3.19) activities

3.9

deluge system

system to apply fire-water through an array of open spray nozzles by operation of a valve on the inlet to the system

3.10

embarkation area

place from which personnel leave the installation during evacuation (3.18)

3.11

emergency depressurization

EDP

controlled disposal of pressurized fluids to a flare or vent system when required to avoid or minimize a hazardous event (3.25)

3.12

emergency response

action taken by personnel on or off the installation to control or mitigate a hazardous event (3.25) or initiate and execute abandonment of the facility

3.13

emergency response team

group of personnel who have designated duties in an emergency

3.14

emergency shutdown

ESD

control (3.6) actions undertaken to shut down equipment or processes in response to a hazardous event (3.25)

3.15

escalation

spread of impact from fires, explosions (3.21) , toxic gas releases to equipment or other areas thereby causing an increase in the consequences of the initial hazardous event (3.25)

3.16

escape

act of personnel moving away from a hazardous event to a place where its effects are reduced or removed

3.17

escape route

route that provides a safe path from an area of an installation leading to a muster area (3.31) , temporary refuge (TR) (3.37) , embarkation area (3.10) , or means of escape (3.16) to the sea

3.18

evacuation

planned method of leaving the installation in an emergency

3.19

escape, evacuation, and rescue

EER

range of possible actions including escape (3.16) , muster, refuge, evacuation (3.18) , escape to the sea, and rescue or recovery

3.20

evacuation route

escape route (3.17) that leads from the temporary refuge (TR) (3.37) to the place(s) used for evacuation (3.18) from the installation

3.21

explosion

event characterized by a rapid release of energy which has the potential to generate high blast overpressures and drag forces, as well as blast waves propagating away from the ignition point

3.22

fire and explosion strategy

FES

results of the process that uses information from the fire and explosion (3.21) evaluation to determine the measures required to manage these hazardous events (3.25) and the role of these measures

3.23

hazard

potential source of harm

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014^[13], 3.2, modified — Example has been added.]

3.24

hazardous area

three-dimensional space in which a flammable atmosphere can be expected to be present at such frequencies as to require special precautions for the control (3.6) of potential ignition sources (3.27) as a result of area classification (3.4) studies

3.25

hazardous event

event that can cause harm

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014^[13], 3.3, modified — Example has been added.]

3.26

human factors

environmental, organisational, and job factors that influence behaviour of work in a way that can affect health and safety outcomes including the performance of critical safety systems (3.8)

3.27

ignition source

source with sufficient energy to initiate combustion

3.28

integrated installation

offshore installation that contains on the same load-bearing structure accommodation (3.1) and utilities, in addition to process or wellhead facilities

3.29

jet fire

JF

turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the combustion of a fuel continuously released with momentum in a particular direction

3.30

mobile offshore unit

mobile platform, including drilling ships, equipped for drilling for subsea hydrocarbon deposits and mobile platform for purposes other than production and storage of hydrocarbon deposits

Note 1 to entry: It includes mobile offshore drilling units, including drill ships, accommodation (3.1) units, construction and pipelay units, and well servicing and well stimulation vessels.

3.31

muster area

designated area where personnel report when required to do so

3.32

operator

individual, partnership, firm, or corporation having control or management of operations on the leased area or a portion thereof

Note 1 to entry: The operator can be a lessee, designated agent of the lessee(s), or holder of operating rights under an approved operating agreement.

3.33

passive fire protection

PFP

coating or cladding arrangement or free-standing system which, in the event of fire, will provide thermal protection to restrict the rate at which heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected

3.34

pool fire

turbulent diffusion fire burning above a horizontal pool of vaporizing flammable or combustible liquid under conditions where the liquid has zero or very low initial momentum

3.35

risk

combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm

[SOURCE:ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014^[13], 3.9, modified — Note to entry has been removed.]

3.36

running liquid fire

fire involving a flammable liquid flowing over a surface

3.37

temporary refuge

tr

place provided where personnel can take refuge for a predetermined period while investigations, emergency response (3.12) , and evacuation (3.18) preplanning are undertaken