ISO 23044:2020 再利用のための工業廃水の軟化と脱塩のためのガイドライン | ページ 6

3.1.1

regeneration

process of restoring an ion-exchange resin after use to its operationally effective state

Note 1 to entry: Two types of generation can occur: co-current regeneration and counter-current regeneration. Co-current regeneration is original downflow process where both input water and regeneration chemicals flow in the same direction, while counter-current regeneration is upflow process where input water and regeneration chemicals flow in different directions.

3.1.2

electrodeionization

method for removing ions by combination of mixed bed ion exchange and electrodialysis in an electrodialyser, where the fresh water chamber is filled with mixed bed ion exchange resin, and the ion exchange resin can be electrochemically regenerated by polarization during the electrodialysis process

Note 1 to entry: Generally, it is a polishing process for production of ultrapure reclaimed water and used after reverse osmosis.

3.1.3

electrodialysis

process used for the deionization of water in which ions are removed, under the influence of an electric field, from one body of water and transferred to another across an ion-exchange membrane

[SOURCE: ISO 6107-1:2004, 32]

3.1.4

industrial saline wastewater

industrial wastewater that contains high concentration of inorganic ions

3.1.5

ion exchange

process by which certain anions or cations in water are replaced by other ions by passage through a bed of ion-exchange material

[SOURCE: ISO 6107-1:2004, 46]

3.1.6

mechanical vapour recompression

use of the heat of the secondary steam as a heat source instead of fresh steam by raising its temperature, with a part of the compressor working to achieve cyclic evaporation

3.1.7

membrane distillation

separation process where a micro-porous hydrophobic membrane separates two aqueous solutions at different temperatures

3.1.8

microfiltration

type of physical filtration process by pressure driven where a contaminated liquid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane (0,1-1 µm) to separate microorganisms and suspended particles from process liquid

3.1.9

multi-effect evaporation

use of microporous membranes with a filtration accuracy of 0,01-0,1 μm for the separation of microorganisms, large molecules or very finely divided suspended matter from water by filtration, often by means of applied differential pressure

3.1.10

nanofiltration

membrane separation technology with a filtration accuracy of 0,001-0,01 μm to separate proteins and low molecular organic compounds

3.1.11

precipitation

chemical reaction in solution resulting in the formation of a solid product

[SOURCE: ISO 11074:2015, 6.4.30]

3.1.12

pre-treatment

treatment process or processes carried out before the softening and desalination processes

3.1.13

reverse osmosis

flow of water through a membrane with a filtration accuracy of 0,000 1-0,001 μm, from a more concentrated to a less concentrated solution, as a result of applying pressure to the more concentrated solution in excess of the normal osmotic pressure

Note 1 to entry: The filtration accuracy of membrane is added.

[SOURCE: ISO 6107-1:2004, 61]

3.1.14

softening

partial or complete removal from water of calcium and magnesium ions which are responsible for hardness

Note 1 to entry: In this context, not only calcium and magnesium ions are removed, other inorganic ions and cations are also included.

[SOURCE: ISO 6107-1:2004, 68]

3.1.15

ultrafiltration

use of microporous membranes with a filtration accuracy of 0,01-0,1 μm for the separation of large molecules or very finely divided suspended matter from water by filtration, often by means of applied differential pressure

Note 1 to entry: The filtration accuracy of microporous membranes is added.

[SOURCE: ISO 6107-6:2004, 100]