ISO 3170:2004 石油液体—手動サンプリング | ページ 6

3.1

acceptable quality level

AQL

maximum per cent defective (or the maximum number of defects per hundred units) that, for purposes of sampling inspection, can be considered satisfactory as a process average

3.2

all-level sample

sample obtained with an apparatus which accumulates the sample while passing in one direction only through the total liquid height, excluding any free water

3.3

automatic sampler

device used to extract a representative sample from the liquid flowing in a pipe

Note 1 to entry: The automatic sampler generally consists of a probe, a sample extractor, an associated controller, a flow measuring device, and a sample receiver.

3.4

batch

collection of packages containing a product of a single type and composition and of a single manufactured lot, or of a single delivery

3.5

bottom sample

spot sample taken from the product at or close to the bottom of a tank or container

3.6

bottom water sample

spot sample of free water taken from beneath the petroleum in a tank

3.7

closed sampling

process of taking samples within a tank under closed conditions, which does not permit the release of any tank contents or vapour to the atmosphere

3.8

composite sample

sample obtained by combining a number of spot samples in defined proportions so as to obtain a sample representative of the bulk of the product

3.9

dipper sample

sample obtained by placing a dipper or other collecting vessel in the path of a free-flowing stream to collect a definite volume from the full cross-section of the stream at regular time intervals for a constant time rate of flow, or at time intervals varied in proportion to the flow rate

Note 1 to entry: This method is normally restricted to sampling petroleum coke from conveyor belts.

3.10

drain sample

sample obtained from the water draw-off valve on a storage tank

Note 1 to entry: Occasionally, a drain sample may be the same as a bottom sample, for example, in the case of a tank car.

3.11

floating roof sample

spot sample taken just below the surface to determine the density of the liquid on which the roof is floating

3.12

grease sample

spot sample obtained by scooping or dipping a quantity of soft or semi-liquid material from a container

3.13

integrity of the sample

condition of being complete and unaltered, i.e. the sample being preserved with the same composition as when it was taken from the bulk of the liquid

3.14

lower sample

spot sample taken at a level of five-sixths of the depth of liquid below the top surface

3.15

middle sample

spot sample taken at a level of one-half of the depth of liquid below the top surface

3.16

mixer

device which provides a homogeneous mixture of the liquid within a pipeline or container in order to obtain a representative sample

3.17

open sampling

process of taking traditional samples within a tank via an open gauge hatch or gauging access point

Note 1 to entry: If the tank ullage space is pressurized, it will normally be necessary to use other (closed or restricted) procedures to avoid de-pressurizing the tank and the consequent loss of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

3.18

per cent defective

3.19

portable sampling device

PSD

housing designed to provide a gas-tight connection to a vapour-lock valve, which contains a restricted or closed system sampler and is fitted with a tape or cable winding mechanism for lowering and retrieving the sampler

3.20

representative sample

sample having its physical or chemical characteristics identical to the volumetric average characteristics of the total volume being sampled

3.21

residues and deposits

organic and inorganic matter, together with any water dispersed within it, which has separated from the liquid and either fallen to the bottom of the tank containing the liquid, or been left in the tank after the liquid has been pumped out

3.22

restricted sampling

process of taking samples within a tank using equipment which is designed to substantially reduce or minimize the vapour losses that would occur during open sampling, but where the equipment is not completely gas-tight

3.23

running sample

sample obtained with an apparatus which accumulates the sample while passing in both directions through the total liquid height, excluding any free water

3.24

sample conditioning

mixing necessary to homogenize the sample during sample handling in preparation for subsampling and/or analysis

3.25

sample handling

any conditioning, transferring, dividing and transporting of the sample

Note 1 to entry: Sample handling includes transferring the sample from the primary sampling device to any secondary container, and the transferring of subsamples to the laboratory apparatus in which it is to be analyzed.

3.26

sample size

number of samples to be drawn from a batch to determine its acceptability as given in sampling plans

3.27

skim sample

surface sample

spot sample taken from the surface of the liquid

3.28

spot sample

sample taken at a specific location in a tank or from a flowing stream in a pipe at a specific time

3.29

static mixer

mixing device having no moving parts and located within a pipe or tube

Note 1 to entry: The effectiveness of the static mixer depends on the kinetic energy of the moving liquid for the energy required to mix the liquid.

3.30

still-well

guide pole

still-pipe

sounding-pipe

stand pipe

vertical cylindrical pipe built into a tank to permit gauging operations while reducing errors arising from turbulence or agitation of the liquid

Note 1 to entry: Samples taken from unperforated or unslotted still-wells should not be used for custody transfer applications, see 7.2.1.3.

Note 2 to entry: Still-wells may also be found on ships and barges.

3.31

suction-level sample

outlet sample

sample taken at the lowest level from which liquid hydrocarbon is pumped from the tank

Note 1 to entry: In determining this level, appropriate allowance is made for any fittings within the tank such as swing-arm, suction baffle or internal bend.

3.32

sump sample

spot sample taken from within a sump

3.33

suspended water

water within the oil that is finely dispersed as small droplets

Note 1 to entry: It may, over a period of time, either collect as free water or become dissolved water, depending on the conditions of temperature and pressure prevailing.

3.34

tap sample

tank-side sample

spot sample taken from a sample tap on the side of a tank

3.35

test portion

portion of a sample or subsample that is introduced into the analytical test apparatus

3.36

top sample

spot sample obtained 150 mm below the top surface of the liquid

3.37

total water

sum of all the dissolved, suspended and free water in a cargo or parcel of oil

3.38

ullage

empty capacity left in a fixed volume sample receiver/container above the liquid surface

3.39

upper sample

spot sample taken at a level of one-sixth of the depth of liquid below the top surface

3.40

vapour-lock valve

vapour control valve

device fitted to the top of vapour-tight or pressure tanks to permit manual measurement and/or sampling operations to be carried out without loss of pressure

3.41

zone sample

core sample

flow-through sample

sample taken as that part of the liquid column which is trapped within the whole height of a sampler when it is sealed at a single spot location within a tank, after having been fully flushed as it was lowered to that position

Figure 1 — Examples of spot sample positions

Key

1	top sample	6	suction level or outlet sample
2	surface of oil	7	lower sample
3	skim sample	8	bottom sample
4	upper sample	9	sump sample
5	middle sample