ISO 35103:2017 石油および天然ガス産業—北極圏の操業—環境モニタリング | ページ 6

3.1.1

accident

unplanned event that resulted in injury or ill health of people, or damage or loss to property, plant, materials or the environment or a loss of business opportunity

3.1.2

emergency

unplanned event that has caused injury, loss or damage or that is an actual or potential threat to human life, the environment or the installation and has made it necessary to deviate from the planned operation or suspend the use of standard operating procedures

3.1.3

hazard

physical situation with a potential for causing human injury, damage to property, negative effects on the environment or a combination of these

3.1.4

hazard identification

process of recognizing that a hazard (3.1.3) exists or has the potential to exist and defining its characteristics

3.1.5

incident

event or chain of events which has caused or could have caused injury, illness, and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment or third parties

[SOURCE: OGP Glossary of HSE Terms]

3.1.6

risk

product of the chance that a specified undesired event will occur and the severity of the consequences of this event

Note 1 to entry: Also defined as the measure of the likelihood of occurrence of an undesirable event and of the potentially adverse consequences which this event can have upon people, the environment or economic resources.

[SOURCE: OGP Glossary of HSE Terms]

3.1.7

risk assessment

whole process of risk (3.1.6) analysis and the evaluation of the results of the risk analysis against technological and/or economic, social and political criteria

[SOURCE: OGP Glossary of HSE Terms]

3.2.1

Arctic

territory lying to the North of the Arctic Circle (Latitude 66°33′45.8″)

3.2.2

region

delimited area of the continental shelf defined by geographical coordinates

3.3.1

baseline survey

environmental survey of an area or locality to obtain information on its physical, chemical and/or biological status before a new activity starts

3.3.2

grid

design used to determine locations for the sampling stations if the position of the oil/gas field has not yet been established or if obstacles on the seabed make it impossible to use a radial transect (3.3.4) design

[SOURCE: Norwegian Environment Agency. Environmental monitoring of petroleum activities on the Norwegian continental shelf. M408, 2015]

3.3.3

transect

straight line through a natural feature along which observations are made or measurements taken

3.3.4

radial transect

design consisting of two axes placed perpendicular to one another with an offshore installation at the origin and the main axis in the prevailing direction of current flow

3.3.5

remotely operated vehicle

remotely controlled underwater vehicle carrying a video camera, which is often equipped with sonar, sensors, a manipulator and sampling devices

3.3.6

water column

marine environment from the water surface to the surface of the sediment

3.3.7

pelagic

relating to the marine water column (3.3.6)

3.4.1

benthic

relating to the marine zone on, within or near the seabed

3.4.2

biota

living organisms in a given location

3.4.3

epifauna

animals that live on a surface, such as the sea floor, other organisms, or objects, or an ice surface

3.4.4

epiflora

plants that live on a surface, such as the sea floor, other organisms, or object, or an ice surface

3.4.5

macrofauna

organisms larger than 1,0 mm (i.e. that are retained on a 1,0 mm sieve)

3.4.6

meiofauna

organisms smaller than macrofauna (3.4.5) , but larger than microfauna (3.4.7)

Note 1 to entry: Meiofauna generally refers to specific groups of organisms (foraminifera, nematodes, harpacticoid copepods, etc.).

3.4.7

microfauna

microscopic animals

3.4.8

plankton

organisms that spend all or part of their life cycle floating or drifting in the water and that have little or no independent mobility

Note 1 to entry: Plankton comprises plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton), and includes seasonally the juvenile stages of larger marine animals.

3.5.1

drill cutting

rock piece dislodged during drilling

Note 1 to entry: Drill cuttings from offshore wells contaminated with adhering residual drilling fluid are often discharged to sea. Drilling fluid is a mixture of liquids and solids pumped into a borehole during drilling for the purpose of cooling and lubricating the drill string, transporting drill cuttings to surface, maintaining borehole stability and preventing hydrocarbon influx.

3.5.2

produced water

water (generally brine) brought up from the hydrocarbon-bearing strata during the extraction of oil and gas, including formation water, injection water, and any chemicals added downhole or during the oil/water separation process

[SOURCE: IOGP Environmental Performance Indicators — 2014 data]

3.6.1

background level

concentration of selected parameters (hydrocarbons, metals, radioactive substances, etc.) that provide a level as close as possible to the natural concentrations in the area and to determine natural conditions and a level prior to project activities

Note 1 to entry: Background level can include existing anthropogenic contamination.

[SOURCE: Fishery Harbour Manual on the Prevention of Pollution — Bay of Bengal Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Fisheries & Aquacultures Department, 1999]

3.6.2

environmental aspect

element of an organization's activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the environment

[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.2, modified – notes to entry have been omitted.]

3.6.3

environmental impact

change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s environmental aspects (3.6.2)

[SOURCE: ISO 14001:2015, 3.2.4]

3.6.4

environmental impact assessment

tool used to identify the environmental impacts (3.6.3) of a project prior to decision-making

3.6.5

monitoring

systematic measurement of variables over time to establish their current state and variation as well as a baseline

3.6.6

strategic environmental assessment

systematic process for evaluating the environmental consequences of a proposed policy, plan or programme initiative in order to ensure they are fully included and appropriately addressed at the earliest appropriate stage of decision-making on par with economic and social considerations

Note 1 to entry: The SEA processes and objectives are framed by the SEA Protocol to the UN Convention on environmental impact (3.6.3) assessment in the transboundary context (the Espoo Convention).