ISO/IEC 23126:2021 学習、教育、トレーニングのための情報技術—ユビキタスな学習リソースの編成と説明のフレームワーク | ページ 6

3.1

entity

any concrete or abstract thing that exists, did exist, or might exist, including associations among these things

Note 1 to entry: Entity is a supportive element of identifier.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121433, modified — domain of <databases> removed, notes to entry updated]

3.2

environment

<ITLET> context, surroundings or conditions in which a person learns, lives or operates

Note 1 to entry: Environment information includes time zones, geographical information, applicable norms and standards for telecommunication, technical implementation (firewalls, useable or allowed ports, bandwidth, file size restrictions, etc.), infrastructure support, current noise levels, and other environmental factors that may impact on delivery modes required by the learner.

3.3

identifier

sequence of characters capable of uniquely identifying an entity (3.1)

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011, 3.19, modified — notes to entry removed]

3.4

knowledge

human or organizational asset enabling effective decisions and action in context

Note 1 to entry: Knowledge can be individual, collective or organizational.

Note 2 to entry: There are diverse views on the scope covered within knowledge, based on context and purpose. The definition above is general as to the various perspectives. Examples of knowledge include insights and know-how.

Note 3 to entry: Knowledge is acquired through learning or experience.

[SOURCE: ISO 30401:2018, 3.25]

3.5

knowledge cloud

collection of learning cell (3.7) and knowledge cluster (3.6) aggregated semantically based on several related or similar topics to satisfy particular requirements for learning

3.6

knowledge cluster

collection of two or more learning cells (3.7) aggregated semantically based on a specific topic

Note 1 to entry: Knowledge cluster is a supportive element of knowledge cloud.

Note 2 to entry: Knowledge cluster can be involved in learning communities to support learners’ learning.

3.7

learning cell

dynamic structure for ubiquitous learning resource (3.13) , which defines the basic elements and their relations, and provides a personalized presentation [ learning cell entity (3.9) ] to support the diverse needs of learners based on a specific learning objective

Note 1 to entry: The structure is context adaptive, involves social factors to support social learning, realizes the evolution based on learners’ interactions and contributions, and can dynamically aggregate content, based on the contextual, social and evolvable information and present learners with personalized learning cell entity (3.9) .

Note 2 to entry: Learning cell has four characteristics: contextual, social, evolvable and dynamic aggregated.

Note 3 to entry: Learning cell is a supportive element of knowledge cloud and knowledge cluster.

Note 4 to entry: Learning cell can be involved in learning communities to support learners’ learning.

3.8

learning cell container

space where learning resource (3.13) or learning ingredient (3.11) is extracted from different learning systems and managed according to specific topic or topics

Note 1 to entry: In this space, the resources or ingredients collected from the learning systems can be reorganized and retained in a well-structured manner.

3.9

learning cell entity

instance of a learning cell (3.7) that can be used in different learning contexts to support different learning needs

Note 1 to entry: A learning cell entity is a presentation of a learning cell within a specific context.

3.10

learning community

area in which learners with the same interests can interact, access, and share information using resources such as learning cell (3.7) and knowledge clusters (3.6) to achieve specific learning objectives or outcomes

3.11

learning ingredient

component that can be used to form a learning cell (3.7) , such as content, activity, tools and metadata

Note 1 to entry: A learning ingredient is a supportive element of learning cell.

3.12

learning objective

description of a goal of training or learning in terms of the knowledge, skills or performance expected of a learner

Note 1 to entry: A learning objective may also be referred to as a learning outcome.

Note 2 to entry: A learning objective is often defined based on the requirements of a curriculum criterion or a set of criteria.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-36:2019, 3.5.2, modified — notes to entry added]

3.13

learning resource

resource (3.17) used for learning, education and training

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011, 3.20]

3.14

obligation status

<attribute> indication of whether or not a value for the attribute is to be provided

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011, 3.20, modified — note to entry removed]

3.15

person

person class

any entity (3.1) which is a natural or legal person

3.16

personal learning space

place for a learner to manage his/her learning profile, assignments, interactive data, evaluation and associated information generated during the learning process

Note 1 to entry: This personal space may be shared with learner’s permission to instructor(s), other learner(s), and other systems to support further learning of the individual, other individuals, and the system itself. Learner data and interactions are private in the personal space and learner consent is required to share this data.

3.17

resource

entity (3.1) that can be identified and referenced by an unambiguous and stable identifier (3.3) in a recognized identification system

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011, 3.30]

3.18

resource class

set of resources (3.17) that can be identified by listing or description of boundaries and meaning and whose properties and behaviour follow the same rule

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011, 3.31]

3.19

sharable learning cell description interface

SLDI

interface to provide registration and open access for services and resources in different learning systems

3.20

social knowledge network

SKN

network constituted by person, knowledge and their relations based on specific knowledge that supports learners’ knowledge and peer discovery during the ubiquitous learning process

Note 1 to entry: A social knowledge network represents all the nodes that have a relationship with specific knowledge, and the nodes include person nodes and knowledge nodes.

3.21

ubiquitous learning

learning that is stimulated and supported through diverse channels and always readily accessible

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TS 29140:2020, 3.15]