ISO/IEC TR 14369:2018 情報技術—プログラミング言語、その環境、およびシステムソフトウェアインターフェイス—言語に依存しないサービス仕様（LISS）の準備のためのガイドライン | ページ 6

3.1

client

application (typically a program in some language) which makes use of a service (3.13)

Note 1 to entry: The term “service user” (3.15) is often used in a similar sense, where “client” more often implies the physical computer system on which the application is running, rather than just the application itself.

3.2

datatype

set of values, usually accompanied by a set of operations on those values

3.3

formal language

formal specification language (3.16)

3.4

interface

mechanism by which a service user (3.15) invokes and makes use of a service (3.13)

3.5

language

programming language, not specification language (3.16) or natural (human) language, unless otherwise qualified

3.6

language binding

specification of the standard interface to a service (3.13) , or set of services, for applications written in a particular programming language

3.7

language-dependent

state of making use of the concepts, features or assumptions of a particular programming language

3.8

language-independent

state of not making use of the concepts, features or assumptions of any particular programming language or style of language

3.9

language processor

entire computing system which enables a programming language user to translate and execute programs written in the language, in general consisting both of hardware and of the relevant associated software

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 10176:2003, 3.1, modified — the words “denotes the” at the beginning of the definition, and the two Notes to entry were deleted.]

3.10

mapping

defined association between elements (such as concepts, features or facilities) of one entity (such as a programming language, or a specification, or a standard) with corresponding elements of another entity

Note 1 to entry: Mapping when used as a verb is a process of determining or utilizing a mapping.

Note 2 to entry: Mappings are usually defined as being from one entity into another. A language binding of a language L into a standard S usually incorporates both a mapping from L into S and a mapping from S into L.

Note 3 to entry: Depending on what is being mapped, a mapping is not necessarily one-to-one. This means that mapping an element E from system A into an element E' of system B, followed by mapping E' back into system A, does not necessarily get back to the original E. In such situations, if a two-way correspondence is to be preserved, the execution of the mappings needs to include recording the place of origin and returning to it.

3.11

marshalling

process of collecting the actual parameters used in a procedure call, converting them if necessary, and assembling them for transfer to the called procedure (3.12)

Note 1 to entry: This process is also carried out by the called procedure when preparing to return the results of the call to the caller.

Note 2 to entry: Marshalling can be regarded as being performed by a service user when preparing input values for a service provider, and by a service provider when preparing results for a service user, the service concerned being regarded as the procedure being called.

3.12

procedure

subprogram which can return a value

Note 1 to entry: A procedure that returns a value is sometimes called a subroutine, a procedure that does not return a value is sometimes called a function.

Note 2 to entry: Some programming languages use different terminology.

3.13

service

facility, or set of facilities, made available to service users (3.15) through an interface (3.4)

3.14

service provider

server

computer system, or set of computer systems, that implements a service (3.13) and makes it available to service users (3.15)

Note 1 to entry: In this definition, “computer system” means a logical system, not a physical system; it can correspond to part of all of one or more physical computer systems.

Note 2 to entry: The term “server” is often used in a similar sense, though sometimes implying a physical computer system that has no other function than to provide its service

3.15

service user

application (typically a program in some language) which makes use of a service (3.13)

Note 1 to entry: The term “client” (3.1) is often used in a similar sense, though sometimes implying the physical computer system on which the application is running, rather than just the application itself.

3.16

specification language

formal language for defining the semantics of a service or an interface precisely and without ambiguity

3.17

unmarshalling

process of receiving and disassembling transferred parameters, and converting them if necessary, to prepare the values for further use

Note 1 to entry: This process is carried out by the called procedure on receipt of the actual parameters for the call, and by the caller on receipt of the returned results of the call.

Note 2 to entry: Unmarshalling can be regarded as being performed by a service provider when receiving input values from a service user, and by a service user when receiving results from a service provider, the service concerned being regarded as the procedure being called.

3.18

Z

<mathematics>complex numbers

Note 1 to entry: See ISO/IEC 10967-1.

3.19

Z

type of formal specification language (3.16)

Note 1 to entry: It is pronounced “zed”.

Note 2 to entry: See ISO/IEC 13568.