ISO 12967-1:2020 健康情報学—サービスアーキテクチャ（HISA）—パート1：エンタープライズの視点 | ページ 6

3.1.1

健康管理

個人の健康に関連するケア活動、サービス、管理、または供給

注記1:これには、ケア対象者に対して処置を行う以上のことが含まれます。これには、たとえば、患者、健康状態、およびヘルスケア提供フレームワーク内の関係に関する情報の管理が含まれ、臨床知識の管理も含まれる場合があります。

[出典: ISO 13940:2015, 3.1.1]

3.1.2

健康問題

1人または複数の医療関係者によって特定された、ケア対象の健康に関連する問題の表現

[出典: ISO 13940:2015, 6.3]

3.1.3

医療問題

1人または複数のヘルスケア関係者によって特定された、ケア対象の健康および/またはケア対象へのヘルスケアの提供に関連する問題の表現

[出典: ISO 13940:2015, 6.2]

3.1.4

健康状態

身体的および精神的機能、身体構造、個人的要因、活動、参加、およびケア対象の複合健康としての環境的側面

[出典: ISO 13940:2015, 6.5]

3.1.5

健康状態

特定の時点で観察された、または潜在的に観察可能な健康状態の側面

[出典: ISO 13940:2015, 6.4]

3.1.6

観察された状態

医療従事者が観察した健康状態

[出典: ISO 13940:2015, 6.4.1]

3.2.1

information service

ability of the system to provide a defined set of output information based on a defined set of input information

Note 1 to entry: The term information service is consistently used in this document for the services provided by the information system.

Note 2 to entry: The healthcare information services are the healthcare related services provided by healthcare information systems.

3.2.2

middleware

enabling technology of enterprise application integration describing a piece of software that connects two or more software applications so that they can exchange data

Note 1 to entry: Common programming interfaces between applications are considered as middleware. For example, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) enables applications to make a standard call to all the databases that support the ODBC interface.

Note 2 to entry: HISA services belong to the parts of the architecture that are middleware, and they address basic aspects dealing with the fundamental openness and sharing of information and business logic for the healthcare organization. In this document, the usage of the term"middleware" is in the context of HISA, related to the services.

3.2.3

enterprise application integration

use of software and computer systems architectural principles to integrate a set of enterprise computer applications

3.2.4

object

model of an entity, characterized by its behaviour and its state, encapsulated and distinct from other objects

Note 1 to entry: This definition is about"object" in the architectural sense [in line with the ISO/IEC 10746 (all parts)]. This does not preclude the use of the word in the natural language sense as an entity itself, where e.g. a"process object" of a healthcare/clinical process is the health state of a subject of care.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746-2:2009, 8.1, modified — shortened.]

3.2.5

enterprise object

object modelling an enterprise entity

3.2.6

class

abstraction of the knowledge and behaviour of a set of similar things

Note 1 to entry: Class in UML is a description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods, relationships, and semantics.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017, 3.577, modified — Note 1 to entry substituted.]

3.3.1

organization

person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives

Note 1 to entry: An organization can be public or private.

Note 2 to entry: The scope of an organizational structure can include relevant interfaces to external organizations.

[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.2.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been simplified and Note 2 to entry substituted.]

3.3.2

healthcare actor

organization or person participating in healthcare

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 5.2, modified — Note 1-3 to entry omitted.]

3.3.3

healthcare provider

healthcare actor that is able to be assigned one or more care period mandates

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 5.2.3, modified — Note 1-3 to entry omitted.]

3.3.4

subject of care

healthcare actor with a person role; who seeks to receive, is receiving, or has received healthcare

Note 1 to entry: Among synonyms are patient and subject of healthcare

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 5.2.1, modified — Note 1 to entry substituted and Examples omitted.]

3.3.5

healthcare organization

healthcare provider having an organization role

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 5.2.3.1, modified — Note 1-4 to entry and Examples omitted.]

3.3.6

role

function or position

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 3.3.5]

3.4.1

community

configuration of objects formed to meet an objective

Note 1 to entry: The objective is expressed as a contract, which specifies how the objective can be met.

3.4.2

federation

community of domains

3.4.3

objective

practical advantage or intended effect, expressed as preferences about future states

Note 1 to entry: Some objectives are ongoing, some are achieved once they are met.

3.5.1

resource

asset that is utilized or consumed during the execution of a process

Note 1 to entry: Allocation of a resource may constrain other behaviours for which that resource is essential.

Note 2 to entry: A consumable resource may become unavailable after some amount of use or after some amount of time (in case a duration or expiry has been specified for the resource).

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 3.4.1, modified — Note 1-2 to entry substituted.]

3.5.2

process

set of interrelated or interacting activities that use inputs to deliver an intended result

Note 1 to entry: An important objective for health care today is its ability to be organized in integrated processes to ensure continuity of care. The processes may be considered within a single organization or across organizations.

Note 2 to entry: Inputs to a process are generally outputs of other processes.

Note 3 to entry: The health care process is provided in the health care enterprise.

Note 4 to entry: Processes in an organization are generally planned and carried out under controlled conditions to add value.

Note 5 to entry: A process where the conformity of the resulting output cannot be readily or economically verified is frequently referred to as a “special process”.

Note 6 to entry: When a demand for care is accepted by a health care provider, a care mandate is established stating the mission and authorization for the health care provider to provide health care services to the subject of care. This care mandate is the basis for decisions about which health care activities are to be performed, what the objective is for the health care process and the receptacle for objective evidence provided by the clinical process. Through verification, the quality of each health care activity or series of health care activities can be assessed giving prerequisites for possible rework, repair, scrap or concession (see respective definitions in ISO 9000:2015, 3.12.8, 3.12.9, 3.12.10, and 3.12.5). The mandate finally reaches a point where the total requirement for the health care process has been fulfilled and the care mandate can be terminated.

Note 7 to entry: In the clinical process, the health may improve, a risk for deterioration of the health may be reduced, or knowledge about the health may be improved, something which increases the possibilities to have a positive influence on the health.

Note 8 to entry: Processes can be influenced by events. Such an event does not occur within the process in question, but is the conception by the process of an activity executed in another process. An event will probably lead to a change in the decided process strategy or to a result of the process other than the intended one.

[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.4.1, modified — Note 1 to entry substituted, Note 2 to entry simplified, Note 3 to entry substituted, Note 6 to entry substituted, Note 7 and 8 to entry added.]

3.5.3

step

abstraction of an action, used in a process, that might leave unspecified objects that participate in that action

3.5.4

service

result of a process

Note 1 to entry: This definition regards the services provided in the organization, with or without an electronic information system, whereas the definition of “Information service” regards the information (input/output) provided by the system.

Note 2 to entry: The healthcare services are the services taking place within a healthcare organization.

3.5.5

workflow

series of activities necessary to complete a task

Note 1 to entry: In healthcare, the workflow will often take place based on three fundamental processes: the clinical process, the communication process and the management process, where information, tasks and activities are shifted between these.

Note 2 to entry: In terms of HISA, a workflow may involve a number of HISA services, involving the organization in the provision of more complex objectives, according to agreed procedural rules.

3.5.6

healthcare activity

activity intended directly or indirectly to improve or maintain a health state

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 7.2, modified — Note 1-3 to entry and Examples omitted.]

3.5.7

healthcare activity element

element of healthcare activity that addresses one type of purpose

Note 1 to entry: Healthcare activity is a complex concept that can be subdivided in elements that represent different purposes with the action. The different purposes could be direct (healthcare investigation and healthcare treatment that directly involves the subject of care) or indirect (healthcare assessment, healthcare evaluation, healthcare documenting or healthcare activity management) that do not necessarily directly involve the subject of care.

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 7.2.7]

3.5.8

care plan

dynamic, personalized plan including identified needed healthcare activity, health objectives and healthcare goals, relating to one or more specified health issues in a healthcare process

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 9.2, modified — Note 1-5 to entry and Examples omitted.]

3.5.9

healthcare goal

desired achievement of one or more healthcare activities, considered as an intermediate operational step to reach a specific health objective

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 9.2.6, modified — Note 1 to entry and Examples omitted.]

3.5.10

protocol

customized clinical guideline

Note 1 to entry: A protocol is more precise than a clinical guideline.

Note 2 to entry: Protocols are often presented in a formal manner with respect to the expected behaviours and roles of healthcare actors.

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 9.2.4.1, modified — Examples omitted].

3.5.11

clinical guideline

set of systematically developed statements to assist the decisions made by healthcare actors about healthcare activities to be performed with regard to specified health issues

Note 1 to entry: Clinical guidelines are usually rather generic and they concern no actual subject of care in particular. While they generally reflect a broad statement of good practice, they may sometimes include multiple operational details.

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 9.2.4, modified — Note 2 to entry and Examples omitted.]

3.5.12

clinical process

healthcare process encompassing all healthcare provider activities and other prescribed healthcare activities that addresses identified or specified health issues

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 8.2.1, modified — Note 1-7 to entry omitted.]

3.5.13

task

activities required to achieve a goal

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 25063:2014, 3.14]

3.6.1

policy

set of rules related to a particular purpose

Note 1 to entry: A rule can be expressed as an obligation, an authorization, permission or a prohibition.

Note 2 to entry: Not every policy is a constraint. Some policies represent an empowerment.

3.6.2

authorization

prescription that a particular behaviour is not prevented

Note 1 to entry: Unlike permission, an authorization is an empowerment.

3.7.1

party

person or group performing a role in relation to the business of a specific community or domain

Note 1 to entry: Examples of parties include enterprise objects representing natural persons, legal entities, governments and their parts, and other associations or groups of natural persons.

[SOURCE: ISO 8459:2009, 2.33 and ISO 13940:2015, 3.3.3, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]

3.7.2

commitment

obligation by one or more of the participants in an act to comply with a rule or perform a contract

Note 1 to entry: The enterprise object(s) participating in an action of commitment may be parties or agents acting on behalf of a party or parties. In the case of an action of commitment by an agent, the principal becomes obligated.

3.7.3

declaration

action that establishes a state of affairs in the environment of the object making the declaration

Note 1 to entry: The essence of a declaration is that, by virtue of the act of declaration itself and the authority of the object or its principal, it causes a state of affairs to come into existence outside the object making the declaration.

3.7.4

evaluation

action that assesses the value of something

Note 1 to entry: For example, the act by which an ODP system assigns a relative status to something, according to an estimation by the system.

Note 2 to entry: Value can be considered in terms of usefulness, importance, preference, acceptability, etc; the evaluated target may be, for example, a credit rating, a system state, a potential behaviour, etc.

3.7.5

prescription

act that establishes a rule

Note 1 to entry: Specialized meaning in healthcare where a prescription of medicinal products establishes the rule that medication can be given by a pharmacy

3.7.6

agent

active enterprise object that has been delegated something (authorization, responsibility, provision of a service, etc.) by, and acts for, a party (in exercising the authorization, carrying out the responsibility, providing the service, etc.)

Note 1 to entry: An agent may be a party or may be the ODP system or one of its components. Another system in the environment of the ODP system may also be an agent.

Note 2 to entry: The delegation may have been direct, by a party, or indirect, by an agent of the party having authorization from the party to so delegate.

Note 3 to entry: A specification may state that, in its initial state, an active enterprise object is an agent of a party.

3.7.7

principal

party that has delegated (authority, a function, etc.) to another

3.7.8

demand for care

demand for healthcare provider activities expressed by a healthcare actor

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 11.3, modified — Note 1-3 to entry and Examples omitted.]

3.7.9

healthcare mandate

mandate (commission) based on a commitment and either an informed consent or an authorization by law, defining the rights and obligations of one healthcare actor with regard to his involvement in healthcare processes performed for a specific subject of care

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 11.2, modified — Note 1-4 to entry omitted.]

3.7.10

healthcare commitment

acceptance of a healthcare mandate by the healthcare actor to whom it is assigned

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 11.2.10, modified — Note 1-2 to entry omitted.]

3.7.11

mandated period of care

set of healthcare activity periods where a healthcare provider is mandated to perform the healthcare activities required to address specific health needs

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 10.2.1, modified — Note 1-5 to entry and Examples omitted.]

3.7.12

contact

interaction between a subject of care and one or more healthcare personnel

Note 1 to entry: According to ISO 13940:2015 'contact' takes place during 'contact period' with a multiplicity of 1 to 1, and 'contact period' is a specialization of 'healthcare activity period', which is identical with 'contact' in its former definition (former ISO 13940, EN 13940-1:2007).

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 10.2.2.1.1, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]

3.8.1

healthcare information

information about a person relevant to his or her healthcare

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 3.9.4]

3.8.2

health record component

part of a health record that is identifiable for the purposes of referencing and revision

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 12.2.3, modified — Note 1-2 to entry omitted.]

3.8.3

professional health record

health record held under the responsibility of one healthcare provider and maintained by one or several healthcare professionals

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 12.2.1, modified — Note 1 to entry and Examples omitted.]

3.8.4

health record

data repository regarding the health and healthcare of a subject of care

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 12.2, modified — Note 1-2 to entry omitted.]

3.8.5

data

reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing

Note 1 to entry: Data can be processed by humans or by automatic means.

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 3.9.1 and ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121272, modified]

3.8.6

information

knowledge concerning objects that within a certain context has a particular meaning

Note 1 to entry: Facts, events, things, processes, and ideas, including concepts, are examples of objects.

Note 2 to entry: Information is something that is meaningful. Data might be regarded as information once its meaning is revealed.

[SOURCE: ISO 13940:2015, 3.9.5 and ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2123204, modified]