ISO 13824:2020 構造物の設計の基礎—構造物を含むシステムのリスク評価に関する一般原則 | ページ 6

3.1

acceptable risk

level of risk (3.9) that an individual or society accepts or tolerates to secure certain benefits

3.2

cost/benefit analysis

analysis contributing to decision-making on whether to adopt a project or a plan by quantifying and comparing its costs and benefits

3.3

extraordinary event

very rare event that causes very severe consequences

3.4

failure

state which does not meet required performance objectives due to structural damage and/or loss of function

Note 1 to entry: Failure includes insufficient load-bearing capacity or inadequate serviceability of a structure (3.21) or structural member, or rupture or excessive deformation of the ground, in which the strengths of soil or rock are significant in providing resistance.

3.5

hazard

potential source of undesirable consequences (3.23)

Note 1 to entry: A hazard can be a risk (3.9) source (see ISO Guide 73). Examples of hazards include a possible abnormal action or environmental influence, insufficient strength or stiffness, or excessive detrimental deviation from intended dimensions (see ISO 2394).

3.5.1

hazard identification

process to find, list and characterize hazards (3.5)

3.5.2

hazard curve

exceedance probability of a specified hazard (3.5) intensity for a specified period of time

3.5.3

hazard screening

process of identifying significant hazards (3.5) for consideration during risk assessment (3.11) of systems (3.22) involving the structures (3.21)

3.6

option

possible measure for managing risk (3.9)

Note 1 to entry: Doing nothing can be one of the feasible options.

3.7

residual risk

risk (3.9) remaining after risk treatment (3.17)

3.8

resilience

ability of a system (3.22) to reduce likelihood of failure (3.4) , to absorb effects of such failure if it occurs and to recover quickly after failure

3.9

risk

effect of uncertainty on objectives

Note 1 to entry: Risk is generally described as a combination of the probability or frequency of occurrence of an event and the magnitude of its consequence.

Note 2 to entry: From the viewpoint of the decision theory, risk is defined as the expected value of all undesirable consequences, i.e. the sum of all the products of the consequences of an event and their probabilities. (see ISO 2394).

[SOURCE:ISO 2394:2015, 2.1.40, modified — Note 1 has been added.]

3.10

risk acceptance

decision to accept a risk (3.9) to secure certain benefits

3.11

risk assessment

overall process of establishment of structural engineering context (3.19) , definition of system (3.22) , identification of hazards (3.5) and consequences, risk estimation (3.15) , risk evaluation (3.16) and evaluation of treatment options (3.6)

3.12

risk communication

exchange or sharing of information about risk (3.9) among the decision-makers and stakeholders (3.20)

Note 1 to entry: The information can relate to the existence, nature, form, probability, severity, acceptability, treatment or other aspects of risk.

Note 2 to entry: Engineers are the main source for risk information and should encourage decision-makers and stakeholders to communicate with each other. Some engineers are part of, or support, the decision-makers.

3.13

risk control

actions implementing risk-management decisions

Note 1 to entry: Risk control can involve monitoring, re-evaluation and compliance with decisions.

3.14

risk criteria

criteria against which the significance of the results of the risk (3.9) analysis is evaluated

Note 1 to entry: The criteria are generally based on regulations, standards, experience, and/or theoretical knowledge used as a basis for risk acceptance.

Note 2 to entry: Risk criteria can depend on associated costs and benefits, legal and statutory requirements, socio-economic and environmental aspects, the concerns of stakeholders, priorities and other inputs to the assessment.

3.15

risk estimation

process of assigning values to the probability of occurrence of events and their consequences

3.16

risk evaluation

process of comparing the estimated risk (3.9) with given risk criteria (3.14) to determine the significance of the risk

Note 1 to entry: Risk evaluation is the process for assisting in the decision to accept or to treat a risk.

3.17

risk treatment

process of selection and implementation of measures to mitigate risk (3.9)

3.18

scenario

description of sequences or combinations of events in time and space and their inter-relationship given the occurrence of a hazard (3.5)

3.19

structural engineering context

background or reasons why the risk assessment (3.11) is implemented from structural perspectives

3.20

stakeholder

any individual, group, organization or authority that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by, a risk (3.9)

Note 1 to entry: The decision-maker is sometimes categorized as one of the stakeholders.

3.21

structure

arrangement of materials that is expected to withstand certain actions and to perform some intended function

3.22

system

delimited group of interrelated, interdependent or interacting objects that is assessed for a risk (3.9)

Note 1 to entry: This definition implies that the system is identifiable and is made up of interacting elements or subsystems, that all elements are identifiable, and that the boundary of the system can be identified.

Note 2 to entry: A system involving structures includes the structural system defined in ISO 2394 as a subsystem.

3.23

undesirable consequence

direct and indirect harm due to structural damage, functionality loss, etc., stated in terms of personal injury, death, environmental damage, societal harm and/or monetary loss

Note 1 to entry: There can be more than one undesirable consequence from an event.

Note 2 to entry: Consequences can be expressed qualitatively or quantitatively.

Note 3 to entry: Both immediate and long-term consequences are included.

3.24

undesirable event

event that can have undesirable consequences (3.23)

Note 1 to entry: Undesirable events are sometimes caused by natural, technological and human-induced hazards.