ISO 15176:2019 再利用を目的とした掘削土およびその他の材料の特性評価に関するガイダンス | ページ 6

3.1.1

土壌

一般的な土壌層に組織化された鉱物粒子、有機物、水、ガス、生物から構成される風化および物理的/化学的および生物学的プロセスによって変化した地殻の上層。

注記 1:より広い土木工学の意味では、土壌には表土と下層土が含まれます。粘土、シルト、砂、砂利、丸石、岩、有機物などの堆積物、および泥炭などの堆積物。廃棄物などの人間由来の物質。土壌ガスと水分。そして生きている生物。

[出典:ISO 11074:2015, 2.1.11, 修正 - 「空気」を「ガス」に置き換えます。

3.1.2

表土

腐植層を除いた、一般に濃い色で、下の(鉱物)地層と比較して有機物と栄養素の含有量が高い自然土壌の上部。

注記 1: 耕地については、表土は耕された土壌の深さを指しますが、草地については、表土は耕された土壌の深さを指します。それは根の含有量が多い土壌層です。

[出典:ISO 11074:2015, 2.1.21]

3.1.3

底土

表土の下とその上の母材の上にある自然土壌材料 その下の母岩

注記 1:元の岩石構造のすべてまたは大部分は、通常、ペドジェニックなプロセスによって破壊されています。

[出典:ISO 11074:2015, 2.1.20, 修正 - 「下の親岩」を追加。]

3.1.4

土壌材料

掘削土、浚渫土、製造土、処理土、盛土材からなる材料

[出典:ISO 11074:2015, 7.4.16]

3.1.5

掘削土

地面から抽出された土壌材料

[出典:ISO 11074:2015, 2.2.6]

3.1.6

製造土壌

必要に応じて、天然、廃棄物、または工業材料を組み合わせて混合し、栄養素やその他の添加物を加えることによって製造される、特定の土壌機能を果たすことを目的とした工業製品

[出典:ISO 11074:2015, 2.2.9, 修正 - 「土壌材料」を「製造材料」に置き換えます。

3.1.7

処理土壌

プロセスベースの処理方法が施された土壌

[出典: ISO 11074:2015, 2.2.16, 修正版 - 「現場外または現場プロセス」を「プロセスベースの処理方法」に置き換えます。

3.1.8

浚渫物

保守、建設、再建、港や水路の拡張作業などの際に、水域から掘削または除去された固形物

注記 1:浚渫された物質は、水面下から採取された堆積物と土壌からなる場合があります。

[出典: ISO 11074:2015, 2.2.4, 修正 - 「掘削された物質」を「掘削または水域から除去された固体物質」に変更し、「港湾または水路の拡張作業」で「水域からの拡張措置」を修正。エントリの注記 1:「亜水性土壌」が削除され、「地表水域下の土壌とその親物質」が「水面下から採取された土壌」に変更されました。

3.1.9

人為的土壌

人間の活動によって蓄積された堆積物

[出典:ISO 11074:2015/DAmd 1:2019 ² ]

3.1.10

埋める

工学仕様に従って材料が選択され、配置され、圧縮された人為起源の地盤

[出典:ISO 11074:2015/DAmd 1:2019]

3.1.11

地面を作った

工学的制御なしで配置された材料、および/または粉砕や洗浄などの何らかの方法で人為的に製造された材料、または工業プロセスから生じた材料で構成される人為的地盤

[出典:ISO 11074:2015/DAmd 1:2019]

3.2.1

soil functions

roles performed by soil that support ecosystems, the biosphere, the water environment and human activities

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.3.31, modified —"roles performed by soil that support ecosystems, the biosphere, the water environment and human activities" replaces"description of the significance of soils to man and the environment".]

3.2.2

background concentration

concentration of a substance characteristic of a soil type in an area or region arising from both natural sources and anthropogenic diffuse sources such as atmospheric deposition

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.5.1, modified —"anthropogenic diffuse sources" replaces"non-natural diffuse sources".]

3.2.3

background value

statistical characteristics of the total (natural pedo-geochemical and anthropogenic) content of substances in soil

Note 1 to entry: It is commonly expressed in terms of an average, median, or a range of values.

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.5.2, modified — Note 1 to entry added.]

3.2.4

natural background concentration

concentration of a substance that is derived solely from natural sources (i.e. of geogenic origin), commonly expressed in terms of average, a range of values, or a natural-background value

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.5.7]

3.2.5

natural background value

statistical characteristics of the natural pedo-geochemical content of a substance in soils

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.5.8]

3.2.6

contaminant

substance or agent present in soil as a result of human activity

Note 1 to entry: There is no assumption in this definition that harms results from the presence of the contaminant.

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.4.6]

3.2.7

potentially harmful substance

substance which by its chemical form, concentration or presence, can be dangerous to humans or the environment

Note 1 to entry: It can be present naturally or as a result of human activity.

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.4.19]

3.2.8

residual contamination

amount or concentration of contaminants remaining in a specific medium, following remediation

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.4.21]

3.2.9

trace element

element present in low concentration in soil material in respect to the most commonly observed natural background level

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.5.12]

3.2.10

essential trace element

element essential at low concentrations for plant or animal (including human) metabolism

Note 1 to entry: An element can be essential at low concentrations but become harmful at higher concentrations.

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 3.5.5]

3.2.11

soil characterization

determination of relevant physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 2.1.12]

3.3.1

damaged land

degraded land

land which, due to natural processes or human activity, is no longer able to properly sustain an economic function and/or its original natural ecological function

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 2.2.2]

3.3.2

target site

site at which soil is to be re-used

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 2.3.14]

3.4.1

re-use of soil material

useful and harmless utilization of soil materials

Note 1 to entry: Re-use can mean transfer of soil materials to another location for use in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, gardens, recreational areas and construction sites.

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 2.2.12]

3.4.2

construction works

applications where soil materials are not required to have a direct productive use although they can support other layers intended to have a productive use

Note 1 to entry: For example, including earthworks (e.g. embankments), landscape engineering, road construction, construction of waste disposal sites, and backfilling of excavated sites or surface mines.

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 2.2.1, modified —"surface" added before"mines" in Note 1 to entry]

3.4.3

reclamation

rehabilitation

return of damaged, degraded or derelict land to beneficial use

Note 1 to entry: The term remediation is commonly restricted to the process of dealing with contaminated/polluted sites.

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 2.2.11]

3.4.4

soil rehabilitation

action taken to improve the capability of damaged or degraded soil to perform specified functions (e.g. addition of organic matter and nutrients to promote plant growth)

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 6.1.22]

3.4.5

remediation strategy

combination of remedial techniques and associated work programmes that will meet specified contamination-related remediation objectives and other objectives (e.g. engineering related), and overcome possible restraints

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 6.1.20, modified —"techniques" replaces"methods,"programmes" added,"(e.g. residual contaminant concentrations)" removed,"possible restraints" replaces"residual concentration"]

3.4.6

process-based treatment method

application of physical, chemical or biological processes either to remove or destroy contaminants, or to reduce their availability to the environment

Note 1 to entry: Different treatment methods, e.g. biotreatment, are defined in ISO 11074.

3.4.7

stockpile

temporary deposit of soil material

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 2.2.14 modified — Note 1 and Note 2 to entry deleted]

3.4.8

investigation for compliance or performance

investigation, or programme of on-going inspection, testing or monitoring, to confirm that a remediation strategy has been properly implemented and/or when a containment approach has been adopted, that this continues to perform to the specified level

3.5.1

hazard

property of a substance or material, or situation that in particular circumstances could lead to harm or pollution

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 5.2.15]

3.5.2

hazard

re-use of soil & soil materials

property of a substance or material, or any action that which might have an adverse effect on soil functions

Note 1 to entry: A hazard has the potential to cause harm.

3.5.3

risk

combination of the probability and frequency of occurrence of a defined hazard and the magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 5.2.24]

3.5.4

harmlessness

<application of soil materials> condition in which the application of a soil material does not result in damage, as defined by specific criteria, to the present functions of the soil already at the target site

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 5.2.14]

3.5.5

data quality objectives

statement of the required detection limits, accuracy, reproducibility and repeatability of the required analytical and other data

Note 1 to entry: Generic data quality objectives are sometimes set at national level. Data quality objectives can also embrace the amount of data required for an area of land (or part of a site) or for a stockpile to enable a sound comparison with generic guidelines or standards or for a site-specific or material-specific estimation of risk.

[SOURCE:ISO 11074:2015, 5.1.2]