ISO 2469:2024 紙、板紙、パルプ | ページ 6

3.1

radiance factor

β

ratio of the radiance of a surface element of a body in the direction delimited by a given cone with its apex at the surface element to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illumination

Note 2 to entry: The radiance is expressed in W⋅m⁻²⋅sr⁻¹.

3.2

diffuse radiance factor

ratio of the radiation reflected and emitted from a body to that reflected from the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of diffuse illumination and normal detection

Note 1 to entry: The ratio is often expressed as a percentage.

Note 2 to entry: This document prescribes diffuse illumination and normal detection in an instrument constructed and calibrated in accordance with the provisions of this document. The term “diffuse radiance factor” is used here both for bidirectional and sphere geometries.

3.3

reflectance factor

ratio of the radiation reflected by a surface element of a body in the direction delimited by a given cone with its apex at the surface element to that reflected by the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of illumination

Note 1 to entry: The ratio is often expressed as a percentage.

Note 2 to entry: This term may be used only when it is known that the test material exhibits no luminescence (fluorescence).

Note 3 to entry: In this document, it has been considered advisable to introduce the term radiance factor rather than reflectance factor into the title, because the increasing use of fluorescent whitening agents in papermaking means that the measurement is seldom limited to reflectance. From a single measurement the instrument cannot distinguish between the two factors.

3.4

diffuse reflectance factor

R

ratio of the reflection from a body to that from the perfect reflecting diffuser under the same conditions of diffuse illumination and normal detection

Note 1 to entry: The ratio is often expressed as a percentage.

Note 2 to entry: This document specifies diffuse illumination and normal detection in an instrument constructed and calibrated in accordance with the provisions of this document.

3.5

international reference standard level 1

IR1

primary optical reference standard, the perfect reflecting diffuser, the ideal diffuser exhibiting isotropic diffuse reflection with a reflectance equal to 1, used for calibration of optical transfer standards

Note 1 to entry: Reflectance is defined as the ratio of the reflected to the incident radiation.

[SOURCE:ISO 4094:2017, 3.4]

3.6

international reference standard level 2

IR2

secondary optical reference transfer standard for the certification of level 3 (IR3) (3.7) standards or for the calibration of instruments, consisting of a material certified against an international reference standard of level 1 (3.5) by a standardizing laboratory, as specified in the relevant International Standard

Note 1 to entry: This document refers to two types of IR2: a non-fluorescent IR2, whose spectral reflectance factors have been determined by a standardizing Laboratory in relation to the IR1; and a fluorescent IR2, whose total spectral radiance factors corresponding to a specified CIE illuminant have been determined by a standardizing laboratory. A non-fluorescent IR2 is used to calibrate the photometric scale of an authorized laboratory’s reference instrument, and a fluorescent IR2 standard is used to adjust the UV level of an authorized laboratory’s reference instrument.

[SOURCE:ISO 4094:2017, 3.5]

3.7

international reference standard level 3

IR3

tertiary optical reference transfer standard consisting of a material certified against an international reference standard of level 2 (3.6) by an authorized laboratory, as specified in the relevant International Standard, and used by a testing laboratory for the calibration of instruments

Note 1 to entry: This document refers to two types of IR3: a non-fluorescent IR3, whose spectral reflectance factors have been determined by an authorized laboratory in relation to the non-fluorescent IR2; and a fluorescent IR3, whose calibration values have been determined by an authorized laboratory in relation to the fluorescent IR2. A non-fluorescent IR3 is used to calibrate the photometric scale of a testing laboratory’s instrument. A testing laboratory uses a fluorescent IR3 to adjust the UV level of the testing laboratory’s instrument.

[SOURCE:ISO 4094:2017, 3.6]

3.8

working standard

physical standard whose radiance (reflectance) factors have been determined by calibration with a suitable international reference standard (IR3) for subsequent use on a single instrument that conforms to specific requirements

Note 1 to entry: The specific requirements are given in this document.

3.9

primary working standard

working standard that is used routinely to validate and check a given measuring instrument for its intended use

Note 1 to entry: The assigned radiance (reflectance) factors of the primary working standard may not be transferred to a different instrument, even of the same type (see 3.8). However, it is possible to use a primary working standard for validation purposes only on instruments of the same type.

3.10

control plate

secondary working standard

working standard that is used on an infrequent basis to monitor and validate the performance of a given primary working standard

Note 1 to entry: When one or more control plates give anomalous results on a given instrument, it can be necessary to re-calibrate the primary working standard used with that instrument with an appropriate international reference standard (IR3).