ISO 23961-2:2021 伝統的な漢方薬—診断のための用語, 語彙—パート2：脈拍 | ページ 9

6.1

bound pulse

結脈

pulse with slow and irregular pulse rate

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic (《黃帝內經》).

Note 2 to entry:Classic of Difficult Issues (《難經》) states, “A bound pulse has occasional stops and the stops have no definite pattern”. Treatise on Cold Damage (《傷寒論》) states, “The pulse that arrives unhurriedly, occasionally stops and then is restored is called irregularly intermittent pulse” (Chapter Bianmaifadiyi, 辨脈法第一). Pulse Classic (《脈經》) states, “A bound pulse arrives and departs unhurriedly and there is one stop before the normal pulse beating is restored,” (Volume 1), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology (《瀕湖脈學》).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.1.

6.2

dissipated pulse

散脈

pulse which is superficial, irregularly chaotic with light pressure and impalpable with heavy pressure

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A dissipated pulse is large and scattered” (Volume 2), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology and states, “A dissipated has an irregular pulse rate”. Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis (《診家正眼》) states, “A scattered pulse is floating and scattered, present in the exterior, not in the interior, gradually becoming empty at the moderate level and completely expiring with pressure” (Volume 2).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.2.

6.3

drumskin pulse

革脈

pulse which is easily felt with gentle touch and superficial with an empty centre, feeling like the surface of a drum

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is Treatise on Cold Damage.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A drumskin pulse is deep, hidden, replete, large, long and slightly string-like” (Volume 1). Binhu’s Sphygmology states,“A drumskin has a hollow centre and is hard and leathery outside just like a drum”. Systematic Theory and Practice on Four Diagnostic Methods(《四診訣微》) states, “A drumskin pulse is string-like and hollow, like a drum. It is floating, large, string-like, tight on the outside and empty within. With light pressure, the pulsation can be clearly felt; with heavy pressure, there is a feeling of emptiness within, as if pressing on the skin of a drum” (Volume 7). Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis(《脈訣指掌》) by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A drumskin pulse is string-like, replete and large, just like the feeling of drum” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang, 辨脈形名狀).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.3.

6.4

faint pulse

微脈

pulse which is extremely thready, soft and barely palpable

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Book to Safeguard Life Arranged by Categorized Patterns(《類證活人書》) states, “Faint means extremely thready and soft. The pulse is sometimes present but sometimes not” (Volume 2). Corrections of Verse Errors in Pulse Diagnosis (《脈訣刊誤》) states, “A faint pulse is sometimes present and sometimes not. It ought to be felt with light pressure. With heavy pressure, sometimes it can be felt and sometimes not” (Volume A).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.4.

6.5

fine pulse

細脈

pulse with a thread-like feeling but obvious with a light touch

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A fine pulse is fine and small. It is larger than a faint pulse” (Volume 1). Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “ A fine pulse is fine, straight and soft, like a silken thread.” Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A fine pulse is like a silken thread, it is larger than a faint pulse”. (Charpter Ximaiyi, 細脈陰). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis (《脈訣匯辨》) states, “A fine pulse is small and fine, like a silken thread. It is clearly felt with light touch” (Volume 4).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.5.

6.6

firm pulse

牢脈

pulse with deep location, long length, high tension, forceful strength and palpable only by heavy pressing

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is The Classic of Difficult Issues.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A firm pulse is deep, hidden, replete, large, long and slightly string-like”, which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology. Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A firm pulse is deep, hidden, solid, string-like, long, replete and long” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “A firm pulse is deep, large, string-like and replete. It is felt with neither light nor moderate pressure”.

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.6.

6.7

floating pulse

浮脈

pulse which feels obvious with light touch but forceless with pressure

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “With light touch, the pulsation is clearly felt; with heavy pressure, the pulsation becomes indistinct” (Volume 1), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology. Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A floating pulse feels superficial in the skin and body hair, just like a piece of wood floating on water. With light touch, the pulsation is clearly felt; with heavy pressure, the pulsation becomes indistinct”. (Chapter Fumaiyang, 浮脈陽). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “The word floating describes the feeling like a piece of wood floating on water. It is clearly felt by a light touch because it’s located superficially in the skin and body hair; however, just like the wood floating on water, it goes deep on heavy pressure but goes up when the pressure is released” (Volume 3).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.7.

6.8

hidden pulse

伏脈

pulse which is deep and palpable only by pressing to the bones or tendons

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is The Classic of Difficult Issues.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “With light touch, the pulsation is indistinct; with heavy pressure, the pulsation is clearly felt” (Volume 1), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology. Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A hidden pulse requires heavy pressure to the tendon and bones to feel clearly” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “A hidden pulse requires heavy finger pressing. It is hardly felt by light to moderate or even heavy pressure. It requires pressing to the bones and tendons to feel the pulsation” (Volume 4).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.8.

6.9

hollow pulse

芤脈

pulse which is superficial, large and hollow

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(《傷寒雜病論》).

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A hollow pulse is floating, large and soft. The centre is empty and the two sides are replete”(Volume 1). Binhu’s Sphygmology also states, “its shape is comparable to a scallion.” Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A hollow pulse means the center is empty and the two sides are replete, just like the feeling of a scallion stalk” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “The pulse is given the name hollow because its shape is comparable to a scallion. It has both the floating and deep positions, only the center is empty when pressed” (Volume 4).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.9.

6.10

intermittent pulse

代脈

pulse which has missing beats and pauses longer rather than at regular intermittent intervals

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “An intermittent pulse arrives fast, stops for a relatively longer period of time and then a recovery of movement” (Volume 1). Corrections of Verse Errors in Pulse Diagnosis states, “An intermittent pulse arrives fast, stops for a relatively longer period of time and then a recovery of movement” (Volume A). Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “An intermittent pulse is constant and regularly intermittent, the stops are normal and frequent, they cannot be self-controlled, there are long stops and then a recovery of movement”. Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “An intermittent pulse arrives fast, stops for a relatively longer period of time and then a recovery of movement”.

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.10.

6.11

large pulse

大脈

pulse with a large width and forcefulness but without turbulent force

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Guidelines for Disease Detection(《察病指南》) states: “The large pulse arrives and departs large and full under the fingers”. Pulse Reason(《脈理求真》) states: “The pulse is large and full, as well as long, and it's felt with little force on pressing.”

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.11.

6.12

long pulse

長脈

pulse which is straight and exceeds the three palpation fingers located in inch and cubit regions

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “A long pulse is with long extent, longer than its basic position. It is straight and long like a pole.” Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A long pulse arrives and departs smoothly. It can be felt at all three positions.” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang). Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A long pulse exceeds the original length. It is straight from head to tail. It is straight and long like a pole”.

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.12.

6.13

normal pulse

平脈

pulse which is felt in inch, bar and cubit regions, around 60 to 90 beats per minute

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry: Physiologically, a normal pulse in healthy people has about four beats in a normal cycle of respiration; the key elements of pulse (pulse location, pulse rate, pulse width, pulse length, pulse strength, pulse smoothness) are at medium level and pulse evenness is even. A normal pulse can correspondingly change along with changes in physiological activities and weather.

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.13.

6.14

racing pulse

疾脈

pulse with more than 120 beats per minute

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is The Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases.

Note 2 to entry:Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A racing pulse is extremely fast and rapid, with seven, eight or more beats in one breath (approximately 120 to 140 beats per minute, and the flow is thin and racing” (Chapter Jimaiyang, 疾脈陽). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “A pulse that has at least six beats in one breath (>90 times per minute) is called racing or extremely racing pulse” (Volume 4).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.14.

6.15

rapid pulse

數脈

pulse with more than 90 beats per minute

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A rapid pulse refers to fast pulsations” (Volume 1). Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “A rapid pulse is six beats in one breath (90 beats per minute). The pulsations are rapid”. Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A rapid pulse is attributed to yang. The pulsations are extremely fast – six beats in one breath (90 beats per minute)”. The word rapid describes the feeling of fast-moving. Since qi moves 3 inches with exhalation (breathing out) and moves another 3 inches with inhalation (breathing in), qi moves 6 inches in one breath”.

Note 3 to entry: Traditionally, a rapid pulse is considered to be more than 5 or 6 beats within a cycle of respiration.

Note 4 to entry: For further information, see A.3.15.

6.16

relaxed pulse

緩脈

pulse which is slower than a normal pulse but more rapid than a slow pulse, with about 60 beats per minute

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A relaxed pulse departs and arrives slowly; it is faster than a slow pulse” (Volume A), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology. Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A relaxed pulse is four beats in one breath (60 times per minute). It arrives and departs evenly like gentle breeze in spring” (Chapter Huanmaiying,緩脈陰). Corrections of Verse Errors in Pulse Diagnosis states, “A relaxed pulse arrives and departs slowly. It is faster than a slow pulse. With moderate to heavy pressure, it is soft and slow. It is smaller than a deep pulse. In addition, it is leisurely and soft” (Volume A).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.16.

6.17

replete pulse

實脈

pulse which feels forceful by both light touch or heavy pressure in inch, bar and cubit regions

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A replete pulse is forceful with both light or heavy pressure. It is neither fast nor slow.” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.17.

6.18

rough pulse

澀脈

pulse which feels stagnant, thready, slow and irregular

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “A rough pulse is thready and slow. It arrives and departs roughly. It is short and scattered, feeling like using a knife to scrape bamboo or a sick silkworm biting leaves” (Chapter Qiyanjuese 七言決澀). Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A rough pulse is stagnant like rain touching the sand” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang). Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A Rough pulse is stagnant, like a blade scraping bamboo. It is slow, thready and short, all indicating obstruction” (Chapter Semaiyin, 澀脈陰).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.18.

6.19

short pulse

短脈

pulse which is shorter than the three palpation fingers located in inch, bar and cubit regions

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry: Note2 to entry: Pulse Classic states, “The shape of a short pulse that beats felt under the fingers do not fill the three positions” (Volume A), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology. Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A short pulse feels rapid with light touch and pressure; however, the beats under the fingers do not fill the positions” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang). Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A short pulse is rough and small, its head and tail are both hidden; it protrudes at the centre, but cannot fill the positions”.

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.19.

6.20

skipping pulse

促脈

pulse with more than 90 beats per minute and irregular beating

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases.

Note 2 to entry:Treatise on Cold Pathogenic states, “A skipping pulse arrives as urgent and skipping, sometimes there is a pause, skipping a beat” (Chapter Bianmaifadiyi). Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A skipping pulse arrives and departs rapidly, sometimes there is a pause in its arrival”. (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang). Pulse Classic states, “A skipping pulse arrives and departs rapidly and sometimes there is a pause in its arrival,” which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology.

Note 3 to entry: Traditionally, a skipping pulse is considered to be more than 5 or 6 beats within a normal cycle of respiration and irregularly interrupted.

Note 4 to entry: For further information, see A.3.20.

6.21

slippery pulse

滑脈

pulse which smoothly comes and goes

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A slippery pulse arrives and departs smoothly. It is similar to a rapid pulse” (Volume 1), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology. Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A slipper pulse arrives and departs smoothly. Its form is like pearls rolling on a plate or dewdrops on a lotus” (Chapter Huamaiyang, 滑脈陽). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “The word slippery describes the feeling of smooth movement, like pearls rolling on a plate or dewdrops on a lotus” (Volume 3).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.21.

6.22

slow pulse

遲脈

pulse with less than 60 beats per minute

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A slow pulse is three beats in one breath. The pulsations are extremely slow” (Volume 1), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology. Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A slow pulse is attributed to yin. The pulsations are extremely slow – three beats in one breath”. Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “The word slow describes the feeling of slow-moving. A normal pulse is four beats in one breath (60 beats per minute). A slow pulse is about three beats in one breath” (Volume 3).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.22.

6.23

soggy pulse

濡脈

pulse which is superficial, thready, soft and forceless, impalpable by heavy pressing

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A soft (soggy) pulse is extremely soft, floating and thready” (Volume 1). Book to Safeguard Life Arranged by Categorized Patterns states, “The pulsation of a soggy pulse is indistinct with pressure and extremely small and soft with light touch” (Volume 2). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “A soggy pulse is soft and thready with light touch. It is indistinct with moderate to heavy pressure” (Volume 4). Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A soggy pulse feels like cotton in water, and light touch is suitable to feel it” (Volume 4). Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “A soggy pulse extremely soft, floating and thready ”(from Pulse Classic) and “A soggy pulse feels like cotton in water, and light touch is suitable to feel it” (from Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.23.

6.24

stirred pulse

動脈

pulse which is smooth, rapid and forceful

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Treatise on Cold Damage states, “If a rapid pulse is seen at the bar region, with neither a head above or a tail below, like a bean turning, this is called a stirred pulse” (Chapter Bianmaifadiyi). Pulse Classic states, “A stirred pulse is seen at the bar region. It has neither a head nor a tail, like a bean turning and stirring” (Volume 1), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology. Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A stirred pulse has neither a head nor a tail, stirring like a bean. It is slippery and rapid” (Chapter Dongnaiyang,動脈陽). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “A stirred pulse is stirring, rapid and forceful. It protrudes at the centre and is similar to a short pulse. However, a short pulse is attributed to yin, it is neither rapid, hard nor slippery. A stirred pulse is attributed to yang, it is rapid, hard and slippery” (Volume 4).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.24.

6.25

string-like pulse

弦脈

long and straight pulse with high tension

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A string-like pulse is felt by heavy pressure, like felt on a musical string” (Volume 1). Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “A string-like pulse is straight and long, and its physical form is felt like touching musical strings, and stiff under the fingers”. Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “Wiry (string-like) is like the musical strings, with light force felt on the surface, yet straight and long, and stiff under the force of the fingers” (Volume 2). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “Wiry (string-like) is like the musical strings, straight and long.” Treatise on Cold Damage states “The physical form of a wiry pulse is felt like touching musical strings, and stiff under the fingers” (Volume 2).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.25.

6.26

sunken pulse

沈脈

pulse hardly felt by a light touch but obvious by heavy pressing

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “With light touch, the pulsation is indistinct; with heavy pressure, the pulsation is clearly felt” (Volume 1). Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “A sunken pulse is felt by heavy pressure to the tendons or bones. It feels like sandstones wrapped in a piece of cotton cloth – an iron hand in a velvet glove. It also feels like stones thrown into water, and the stones will hit the bottom”. Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “A sunken pulse is felt by pressing to the tendons or bones, just like dropping a stone into water. The pulsation is indistinct by light touch but becomes extremely clear by heavy pressure” (Volume 3).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.26.

6.27

surging pulse

洪脈

large, superficial and forceful pulse

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A surging pulse fells extremely large” (Volume 1). Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “A surging pulse fells extremely large (from Pulse Classic), just like roaring waves which come vigourously and fade away.” Essential Principles and Practice of Pulse Diagnosis states, “A surging pulse is extremely large. On pressing, it is exuberant and full under the fingers. Like the strength of surging water, it arrives exuberant and departs debilitated, it arrives large and departs long, gushing against the fingers with force”. Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A surging pulse arrives large and departs long” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.27.

6.28

tight pulse

緊脈

pulse which feels tense

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Plain Questions (《素問》) states, “A tight pulse arrives and departs forcefully, and snaps left and right”. Pulse Classic states, “A tight pulse is rapid like a large twisted rope” (Volume 1). Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “A tight pulse arrives and departs forcefully, and snaps left and right” (from Plain Questions). Treatise on Cold Damage states, “A tight pulse is like a tightly twisted rope, unevenly stretched” (Chapter Bianmaifadiyi). Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A tight pulse is like a tightly twisted rope” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.28.

6.29

vacuous pulse

虛脈

pulse with a forceless feeling by light touch in all the three regions but a hollow feeling by heavy pressing

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A vacuous pulse is slow, large and soft. With pressure, it is empty and deficient” (Volume 1), which was cited by Binhu’s Sphygmology. The Summary of Pulse Diagnosis (《脈理集要》) states, “A vacuous pulse is empty and vacuous with light, moderate and heavy pressure” (Chapter Mailixiangjiebian, 脈理詳解篇). Key Principles in Pulse Diagnosis states, “The word vacuous means empty. A vacuous pulse is soft and weak” (Volume 3).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.29.

6.30

weak pulse

弱脈

extremely soft, deep and thready pulse, felt by a light touch but indistinct under heavy pressure

Note 1 to entry: The first origin is (Huangdi’s) Internal Classic.

Note 2 to entry:Pulse Classic states, “A weak pulse is extremely soft, deep and thready. It almost disappears with pressure” (Volume 1). Binhu’s Sphygmology states, “ A weak pulse is extremely soft, deep and thready. With light touch, it is not felt; with pressure, the pulsation can be felt.” Systematic Theory and Practice on Four Diagnostic Methods states, “A weak pulse is thready and small and felt by heavy pressure. With light touch, it is not felt; with pressure, the pulsation can be felt” (Volume 7) Revised Verses in Pulse Diagnosis by Zhu Zhenheng states, “A weak pulse feels faint, soft and forceless” (Chapter Bianmaixingmingzhuang). Corrections of Verse Errors in Pulse Diagnosis states, “The word weak means not able to sustain or exert much weight. A weak pulse is not felt with light touch and similar to a soggy pulse” (Volume A).

Note 3 to entry: For further information, see A.3.10.